Should The Death Penalty Be Abolished? Essay

Should The Death Penalty Be Abolished? Paper Capital punishment is the demonstration of rebuffing somebody to death for an offense. Questions have been emerged to whether capital punishment ought to be canceled in nations around the globe. The advantages and disadvantages of capital punishment. In this manner, the motivation behind this exploration study is to take a gander at the two sides of the contentions of capital punishment. It begins with the depiction of capital punishment and the various sorts of capital punishment. Intriguing issues are raised like the improper executions, capital punishment being hindrance to wrongdoing and the options in contrast to capital punishment. There are proof to the two sides of the contention in whether capital punishment ought to be abrogated or not. In light of the examination that is done which assesses the causes, impacts and approaches to fathom the topic of capital punishment, the numerous purposes behind why capital punishment ought to be annulled is being demonstrated and in this manner closing the proposal articulation. At the point when the word capital punishment is utilized, it makes shouting and shouting from the two sides of fanatic. One side may state prevention, while the opposite side may state, yet you may execute a guiltless man. Capital punishment is characterized as the slaughtering of an individual by legal procedure as a discipline for an offense. Today, one of the most discussed issues in the Criminal Justice System is the issue of the death penalty or capital punishment. There are 8 sorts of capital punishment rehearsed in an official limit in the cutting edge world. Deadly infusion is the act of infusing an individual with a lethal portion of medications for the express motivation behind causing a prompt passing. Gas chamber executions are the place the detainee is tied to a seat inside a fixed gas chamber. The killer (remaining outside of the chamber) pulls a switch dropping potassium cyanide pellets into a tank of sulfuric corrosive, flooding the chamber with deadly hydrogen cyanide gas. The hot seat is additionally another basic type of the death penalty. The detainee is shaved, lashed to a seat, and fitted with cathodes connected to conductive spongesone on the head, one on the legcreating an immediate flow. The detainee is then hooded. The killer pulls a switch, and 2,000 volts race through the detainees body as the inner internal heat level methodologies 140 degrees. Executions by terminating crew takes a shot at tying the casualty to a seat w ith five sharpshooters focusing on the casualties heart and every one of the five pulling the trigger. There is additionally demise by hanging. The detainee remains on trapdoor, and a rope slips from a wooden pillar overhead. The rope is affixed around the detainees neck in a Hangmans noose, which fixes when pulled upon. The killer pulls a switch opening the trapdoor and dropping the detainee, who in a perfect world bites the dust rapidly because of a messed up neck. Demise by stoning is apparently the universes most established type of execution. The detainee is covered either up to his midriff (in the event that male) or up to her shoulders (on the off chance that female) and afterward pelted with stones by a horde of volunteers until clearly battered to death. Passing by decapitating is likely the most altruistic type of discipline. The casualty is controlled, normally compelled to bow, and the killer evacuates the head by method of a blade or blade. Finally, torturous killing is an antiquated strategy for difficult execution where the denounced individual is tied or nailed to an enormous cross (of different shapes) and left to hang until dead. Point of report. The reason for this report is to research the elements on why capital punishment ought to be abrogated and the numerous surveys on capital punishment by the individuals all around. This examination draws on data assembled from different Malaysian and universal articles, World Wide Web destinations and video narrative. 2.0 Why are a few people for capital punishment? There are various reasons on why a few people are for capital punishment in spite of the fact that greater part is in transit of nullifying it. A few considers it to be an approach to even better end the crime percentages around the globe. 2.1 Capital discipline considers the criminal responsible for his/her activities. Equity requires rebuffing the liable regardless of whether no one but some can be rebuffed and saving the guiltless, regardless of whether all are not saved. Ethically, equity should consistently be wanted to balance. Equity can't ever allow saving some liable individual, or rebuffing some blameless ones, for uniformity since others have been saved or rebuffed. By and by, punishments would never be applied on the off chance that we demanded that they can be delivered on just a blameworthy individual except if we can ensure that they are similarly applied to all other liable people. Anybody acquainted with the law requirement realizes that disciplines can be dispensed uniquely on an unavoidable shiver determination of the liable (Bedau, H., 1977). Irwin Isenberg (1977) stated, when you slaughter a man with intention, you accomplish something other than what's expected than taking from him. I favor capita l punishment as an issue of equity and human pride even separated from prevention. The punishment must be fitting to the reality of the wrongdoing (p. 135). 2.2 Prevents recidivism. Capital punishment shields the general population from the most appalling lawbreakers and it additionally shields us from specialists, judges, parole sheets, and big names who can too effectively be duped by a rehearsed scalawag resolved to win his opportunity so as to proceed with his criminal profession. Individuals waiting for capital punishment can't escape jail and are hanging tight for the day they are executed. When they are killed, there is positively no recidivism to stress over. 2.3 Death punishment is an impediment to wrongdoing. On the off chance that we don't know whether capital punishment will hinder others, we will be defied with two vulnerabilities. In the event that we have capital punishment and accomplish no obstruction impact, than, the life of sentenced killers has been used futile (from an impediment perspective)- here is a total deficit. On the off chance that we have capital punishment, and prevent future killers, we saved the lives of future casualties (the planned killers gain, as well; they are saved discipline since they were hindered). For this situation, capital punishment is an addition, except if the sentenced killer is esteemed more profoundly than that of the obscure casualty, or casualties (Carrington, F., l978). 3. For what reason do a few people restrict capital punishment? Dominant part of individuals contradict capital punishment as it carries more inconvenience to advantage. 3.1 The illegitimate executions of a blameless individual. In contrast to all other criminal disciplines, capital punishment is interestingly permanent. Albeit a few defenders of the death penalty would contend that its benefits merit the incidental execution of honest individuals, most would likewise demand that there is little probability of the honest being executed. In Georgia in 1975, Earl Charles was indicted for homicide and condemned to death. An enduring casualty of the wrongdoing incorrectly distinguished Charles as the shooter; her declaration was upheld by a prison house source who guaranteed he had heard Charles admit . Indisputable justification proof, demonstrating that Charles was in Florida at the very time of the wrongdoing, in the end built up his honesty however not until he had gone through over three years under capital punishment. His discharge was owing to a great extent to his moms unflagging efforts.(35) 3.2 The significant expense of capital punishment. It is once in a while recommended that abrogating the death penalty is uncalled for to the citizen, on the supposition that life detainment is more costly than execution. A homicide preliminary ordinarily takes any longer when capital punishment is at issue than when it isn't. Suit costs including the hour of judges, investigators, open protectors, and court columnists, and the significant expenses of briefs are generally borne by the citizen. 3.3 The casualties families points of view on capital punishment. Various families and friends and family of homicide casualties bolster options in contrast to capital punishment for some, reasons, including: Capital punishment process is a damaging encounter for families, regularly expecting them to remember the torment and enduring of the demise of their cherished one for a long time. An existence without the chance for further appeal gives certain discipline without the interminable reviving of wounds. 3.4 Inadequate legitimate portrayal. Practically all litigants in capital cases can't bear the cost of their own lawyers. As a rule, the selected lawyers are exhausted, come up short on, or without the preliminary experience required for capital punishment cases. There have even been occasions in which legal counselors designated to a demise case were unpracticed to such an extent that they were totally caught off guard for the condemning period of the preliminary. Other designated lawyers have dozed through pieces of the preliminary, or showed up at the court affected by liquor. 3.5 Alternatives to capital punishment. In each express that holds capital punishment, legal hearers have the choice of condemning indicted capital killers to life in jail without the chance of parole. The sentence is less expensive to citizens and saves rough wrongdoers off the boulevards for good. In contrast to capital punishment, a sentence of Life without Parole likewise permits missteps to be rectified. 3.6 Religious viewpoints on capital punishment. The vast majority are living with their own convictions or religions however there are minorities of individuals who are free-scholars. Practically all religions around the globe view executions as corrupt. Among them are Christianity, Buddhism, Jewish, Islam and Judaism . 4.0 There are better strategies to rebuff the wrongdoers than capital punishment. Capital punishment can be too remorseless to even think about punishing the guilty parties and nobody should end the life of others other than God. In spite of this, guilty parties are not pardoned from being rebuffed for what they did to others as they despite everything should be rebuffed yet just with different options in contrast to capital punishment. 4.1 Life detainment without the chance of parole in addition to compensation. The most mainstream option in contrast to capital punishment is life detainment without the chance of parole in addition to compensation. This option costs significantly less than the death penalty, yet in addition keeps

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Essay

This article has profoundly investigated the significances of instruction. The alternate points of view that the writer of the article has utilized in clarifying the criticalness of training has made me to comprehend the respectable piece of instruction which I however was expanded monetary force. Anyway from the article, I have understood that there are different advantages collected to instruction, for example, improved way of life, and furthermore the norm of an individual however they have not been completely depleted in the article. The fruition of tertiary instruction has likewise increment in Organization for Economic Co-activity and Development (OECD) individuals have additionally discovered that there is imbalance in monetary acquiring in the OECD nation individuals with Spain, Luxembourg and Belgium having the most minimal degree of sex disparity. This anyway doesn't adjust in all nations particularly the creating nations where the degree of joblessness is high. There is elevated level of jobless alumni in the creating nations which deny instruction of its significance. The pay rate in the creating nations don't coordinate with training level because of significant level of debasement in these nations. It is conceivable to discover a Bachelor qualification holder acquiring not exactly a school recognition holder. The instruction in various nations fluctuate in hugeness and in the created nations the individuals appreciate the advantages of training more than the individuals in the creating nations. The articles investigation on sciences and maths score has brought the away from of execution across various nations. Much the same as numerous individuals, I was unable to have envisioned that the United States could be driven by some other nation in the science and innovation segment. Incredibly from the articles examination regarding these matters (Science and Maths), Asian nations take a lead including Singapore, China, South Korea and Japan. It have likewise been noticed that various nations vary altogether fair and square of instruction and training fulfillment. The sexual orientation disparity in acquiring is noticeable in the creating nations which the article ought to have centered. The article did exclude African states in the examination with the exception of in the science and math execution. I feel that the article required a greater amount of examination on training in Africa with the primary world nations which could have realized an away from of instruction in the two variations. The article could have talked about the future possibility of instruction on the planet. With the improved innovation, various people from various nations can obtain widespread training and subsequently odds of business increment. The degree of rivalry in instruction is additionally prone to go higher as kids at a lower age are being presented to innovation, for example, the web. The article need accordingly to address the eventual fate of instruction in the globe. The advantages of training are more extensive than the article is expressing. Training assumes a significant job in the protection of the earth. The degree of training decides the ones degree of ecological cognizance. With the danger of a dangerous atmospheric devation, training through making mindfulness and giving answers for the issue can have any kind of effect.

Poetry by your Favorite Musicians

Poetry by your Favorite Musicians Want more lyricism from your favorite musician? Check out their poetry books! Florence Welch, from Florence and the Machine, just came out with Useless Magic: Lyrics and Poems, this month. Full of doodles, lyrics, some photos, and poems it might be worth checking out if you cant get enough of High as Hope. Leonard Cohen has written many poetry books (unsurprisingly, considering his talent with words). If you miss the beloved musician, there is a posthumous collection called coming out in October called The Flame, with pieces selected by Cohen towards the end of his life. Dessa is one of my favorite rappers and part of the Doomtree collective. If you havent checked out her new album, Chime, you definitely should, and afterwards you can grab Spiral Bound, a collection of essays and poems. Patti Smith is well-known as an author, but if you are poetically inclined, it might be worth looking into Auguries of Innocence, originally published in 2005. Do you hear the clock at six a.m. and just really want to read some poetry by Jewel? You were meant for A Night Without Armor and it was meant for you. If you keep on falling in love with Alicia Keys, she does have a poetry collection called Tears for Water: a songbook of lyrics of poetry. Ani Difranco wrote Verses back in 2007, and it is not a binary choice.You can listen to her newest album and enjoy some older lyricism at the same time. Of course Joni Mitchell, one of the most well-known folk musicians of our time has a lot of poetic leanings. Theres even a whole book of them! Joni Mitchell: The Complete Poems and Lyrics is a good addition to any collection. Gil Scott-Heron was a jazz/blues/soul musician who was a huge influence on hip hop. He was a well-known spoken-word poet, and his collection of poetry, Now and Then, remains all too relevant today. I know there are many more I didnt get a chance to mention, but what musician do you think SHOULD write a poetry book? What more poetry? Find it here.

Kite Runner - 1130 Words

A soldier in war knows he could die at any moment, but remains on the battlefield to protect that which is dearest to him. It takes a special kind of person to do this. When faced with adversity, there are a select few who can push it aside for the greater good. These are the people worth writing about. In Khaled Hosseinis, The Kite Runner, the main character, Amir, learns the true meaning of loyalty and friendship by risking his own life to save another, thus proving that one does not know the value of friendship until it is gone. After years of misguidance, Amir realizes that on the road to friendship and loyalty, one must be able to stand up for what they believe in, something many are too afraid to do. When they were young,†¦show more content†¦On the other hand, because Amir still had the question in his mind of whether or not forgiveness was something that just came and went shows that he needed some help: â€Å"I wondered if that was how forgiveness budded, not with the fanfare of epiphany, but with pain gathering its things, packing up, and slipping away unannounced in the middle of the night†(359). He needed forgiveness for not knowing what he had until it was gone. The loyalty Hassan showed went unappreciated until he was no longer in Amirs life. He was uncertain about how to relieve his pain until the opportunity presented itself. However, there was a defining moment in which Amir feels the ultimate rewards of his efforts to redeem himself, aside from erasing his guilt. He enters a competition with Sohrab where he is the kite runner for him. He gets to walk in Hassans shoes for that moment, free of guilt and selfishness. After the two have won the competition, Sohrab does something he had not done in a long time. â€Å"I looked down at Sohrab. One corner of his mouth had curled up just so. Lopsided. Hardly there. But there†(370). Sohrab shows gratitude, ever so slightly, to Amir for helping him win the contest; somet hing that Amir did not show to Hassan when he helped him win the contest years ago. In a way, this was his redemption. Amir finally learns that through being unselfish and sincere inShow MoreRelatedThe Kite Runner1867 Words   |  8 PagesThe main protagonists in A Complicated Kindness and The Kite Runner convey that identities are socially constructed. Identity is shaped through the following factors: parenting, conflict, culture, gender, and genetics. These factors all intertwine and are the main influencers for shaping the protagonists identity. This is formed by the people that surround a person, their cultural stereotypes, how they teach others, and how a person learns. This essay will discuss how these factor effect identityRead MoreSummary Of The Kite Runner 1269 Words   |  6 PagesThe Kite Runner is a very powerful book that deals with many complex political and personal problems. This book has changed and challenged many of my views on life. I also found this book ver y inspiring and I have gained a greater appreciation for the life I have in Canada. Firstly, the text communicated with me through emotions. For example, I felt sadness for Hassan because of the way society treats him as an unequal. In addition, I have learned many things from this novel such as the importanceRead MoreThe Kite Runner Analysis772 Words   |  4 PagesThe Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini was a touching book that revolved around loyalty within a friendship. The friendship between Hassan and Amir had some difficulties. A true friendship can be hard to find(,) but can be one of the most vital things to being truly happy. Both Hassan and Amir had proven their loyalty to each other by the end of The Kite Runner. Loyalty was a crucial part in Hassan and Amir’s friendship.   Ã‚  Ã‚   In the beginning, Hassan was not only loyal to Amir because that was his dutyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Kite Runner 1016 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to the dictionary redemption means â€Å" The act of saving from sin†. The kite Runner is about two boys that goes through violence and betrayal in Kabul, Afghanistan. One of the main characters Amir decided not to help his best friend caused their conflicts to grow. This reveals the theme of redemption throughout the Kite Runner. Most importantly, there is a motivation behind why Amir battles very nearly his whole existence with reclamation and that is on the grounds that Amir s hirelingRead MoreThe Kite Runner Analysis 1844 Words   |  8 PagesTherefore, being a father is very difficult, having to overcome obstacles and being strong for each other. A well-known saying â€Å"like father, like son† is evident in this novel by the different ties of relationship each character had. In the novel, The Kite Runner, Khaled Hosseini proves that there is need of a fatherly figure when growing up. Having a father-son bond helps the child differentiate right from wrong. The relationship which demonstrates the need of a father figure is depicted by Baba and AmirRead MoreSummary Of The Kite Runner Essay997 Words   |  4 Pages The Kite Runner Theme Paper In the song â€Å"hello† by Adele she talks about how she wants meet to talk about everything in the past the makes her feel this guilt because the time away just didn t do enough she hasn t got over this feeling. Also in The Kite Runner, the character Baba experiences guilt so he does acts of kindness to redeem himself. No one knows why Baba did those acts of kindness till the end of the book because he thought no one would think of him the same way. In The Kite RunnerRead MoreAnalysis Of The Kite Runner 1229 Words   |  5 PagesThe Kite Runner’s plot is centered on the story of Amir, a young boy who grew up in Afghanistan with his father, and friend, Hassan. Amir was raised without a mother, and had no womanly influence in his life until he was married. This lack of women in the storyline has caused some to argue that the novel is demeaning to women (Gomez). The vulgar language and explicit themes are seen as demoralizing towards the female gender (Schaub). In the novel the women are required to remain committed and submissiveRead MoreRedemption in The Kite Runner1038 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"For you, a thousand times over.† In The Kite Runner by Kahled Hosseini, there is a recurring theme of redemption that is portrayed by various literary devices. Kahled excellently juxtaposes devices such as irony, symbolism, and foreshadowing to show redemption within his first novel. As a foreword, the story of The Kite Runner focuses on a man named Amir. In his childhood, he enjoyed a high-class life in Kabul, Afghanistan, living with his father Baba. They have two servants, Ali and his son HassanRead MoreAnalysis Of The Kite Runner 1359 Words   |  6 Pages One major theme that is evident in The Kite Runner is that scars are reminders of life’s pain and regret, and, though you can ease the regret and the scars will fade, neither will completely go away. We all have regrets and always will, but though it will be a long hard process we can lessen them through redemption. The majority of The Kite Runner is about the narrator and protagonist, Amir. Almost all of the characters in The Kite Runner have scars, whether they are physical or emotional. BabaRead MoreThe Kite Runner Essay1321 Words   |  6 PagesWhat are the essential values and ideas presented in The Kite Runner? Analyse and assess how effective their representation is Hosseini has expressed copious essential values and ideas in his novel The Kite Runner (TKR) including Loyalty, Culture, Gender and Ethnicity and Atonement. Hosseini has expressed these through the combination of style, structure, characterisation, themes and setting. Due to the context of The Kite Runner, culture is an important idea presented because it has major significance

Diary Of An Irish Immigrant - 1951 Words

Brendan Ryan February 16th, 2017 Class 811 Period 3 The Diary of an Irish Immigrant Entry #1: Leaving Ireland. December 8th, 1892 It s so cold today. I sit on a suitcase packed for me, Norah. I am from a small town in Ireland called Cobh, and I live there with my mother, father and little sister. Glenn is my older brother, three years older than me. Oh, and I m sixteen. I guess you could call this feeling anxiety, but it really is more than that. It feels like I ll never come home, and I ll never see mother and father again. Everyone says (well, if you can call the newspaper editor and his wife everyone) that America is paved with gold and that endless opportunities await anyone who goes. But the stories I†¦show more content†¦It s dark, and I can t see what I am writing well at all, so excuse me if my penmanship is sloppy. I thought about it, and decided that I should record what s going on, because I don t want to become senile and forget everything once I get old. Glenn told me that he has arranged to get a job at a dock once we land. We are only a week or so in to our voyage, so I can t exactly sta rt complaining yet, seeing as we haven t even reached the halfway point in our journey. I m trying not to allow myself to look forward to living in America too much, in case it isn t all I hoped it would be. But I can t help it. I stand on the deck and picture being able to teach school, and have a job, and live in my own house... and I get get carried away, and then I remember that it could be a month before I am even able to become a citizen. All is I hear is stories of having absolute freedom in America, cleanliness, fairness, and equality. But most of all, I hear about money. It s everywhere, they say, ready for making your fortune whatever way you please. I m sorry, this entry must be shorter than most. I forgot to say that Glenn has fallen ill, but it seems like it s just a flu bug, and hopefully he will be better soon. Hopefully. Entry #3: This long journey better be worth it December 20th, 1893 I feel wretched from all the rocking and turning of the ship. I thought I d get used to it, but it feels like it s gotten ten times worse I feel like I can whine aboutShow MoreRelatedJacksonian Democracy750 Words   |  3 Pagesneeded to secure their rights as workers and Americans. In his Diary from 1828-1851, Phillip Hone recorded observations of what he noticed during two riots between the Irish and Americans. He also speaks about quarrels between the Irish and Blacks, and Blacks and Whites (E). It is important to understand what was happening between the Irish and Americans, and between the Irish and the Blacks. The Irish fleeing british overlords traveled to America in search of a new lifeRead More DBQ 1820s 1830s Essay733 Words   |  3 Pagesprotection needed to secure their rights as workers and Americans. In his Diary from 1828-1851, Phillip Hone recorded observations of what he noticed during two riots between the Irish and Americans. He also speaks about quarrels between the Irish and Blacks, and Blacks and Whites (E). It is important to understand what was happening between the Irish and Americans, and between the Irish and the Blacks. The Irish fleeing british overlords traveled to America in search of a new life, hopingRead MoreEssay about Taking a Closer Look at the Golding Sisters831 Words   |  4 Pagespopulation boom and an influx of foreign immigrants all trying their luck at making it rich. The new Australians had different cultures and varying religious practices. They sought for schools and places of prayer in their own languages (Dixon, 2005). Unemployment and financial struggles grew with this increasing population. Male dominance was considered the norm so women were left with unjust opportunities for unemployment and equality in the workplace (Womens Diaries, 1997). 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They had two children, John Andrew and Samuel, but Thomas disappeared randomly. Susannah would later write in her diary that she believed he left her for another woman and moved to another area of Canada. This event pushedRead More The Potato Famine Essay2687 Words   |  11 PagesOf the nineteenth century.† -Ian Gibson nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Irish-American. To some, this term merely designates one of the many ethnic groups which can be found in the United States; but to those who are Irish-American, it represents a people who faced a disaster of mammoth proportions and who managed to survive at great cost. The Great Hunger of 1845 changed, or more often, destroyed the lives of millions of Irish, causing them to seek refuge from poverty and starvation in other, moreRead More The Emporer Caesar Essay1496 Words   |  6 Pagesfamous as the first Roman Emperor to convert to Christianity. His rise from a humble birth as a peasant boy to Emperor is a tale of bravery, adversity and ultimately triumph through faith. Julius Caesar was born as Groyxo Gaul in 54BC into an immigrant family in the back streets of Rome. Neither parent was rich. The German historian Guildo Horn noted: â€Å"Seine Mutter war ein Hamster und sein Vater, der von den Holunderbeeren gerochen wurde.† They were as flotsam and jetsam on the beach. His earlyRead MoreJacksonian Democracy1150 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Cult of True Womanhood, which essentially encouraged women to dedicate their lives to being good mothers and wives. Under the Jacksonian Democracy, Blacks and immigrants faced discrimination, as shown through their tendency to riot in cities. Philip Hone once addressed these in his diary, stating that, â€Å"dreadful riots between the Irish and the Americans have again disturbed the public peace†, and also that, â€Å"The spirit of riot and insubordination†¦has made its appearance in†¦Philadelphia, and appearsRead MoreJacksonian Dbq1652 Words   |  7 Pagesliberty and equality, the million s of women. Blacks, Native Americans, immigrants, and other minorities in America continued to languish in a society that ignored their rights. during the Age of Jackson, enslavement of Blacks, the ultimate form of inequality, was at a new high in America. At the same time, enormous disparities of wealth existed between rich merchants, industrialists and planters, and their lowly workers: immigrants. Blacks, and the common man. While these contradictions typified AmericaRead MoreEssay on The Donner Party Tragedy2584 Words   |  11 Pagestraveled by anyone for this purpose, not even by himself. In the following, the diaries of the Donner Party will be cited and combined with the information known about the situations. While the group was still in Springfield in preparation, it was extremely hard for many to move once more to the West, but it should be the last time. Virginia Reed, the 13 year old adopted daughter of James F. Reed, wrote in her diary: â€Å"My father, with tears in his eyes, tried to smile as one friend after another

Alcoholics Anonymous Free Essays

Metropolitan areas usually have specialized groups, based on such member characteristics as gender, length Of time in recovery, age, sexual orientation, profession, ethnicity, and language spoken† (CAST, 2008). Vast majorities of drug addiction treatment programs encourage the participation of self-help group therapy during and after formal treatment because the patients benefit from the social reinforcement that comes from peer discussion, while also helping to promote, achieve, and maintain drug-free and healthy lifestyles. The 12-Step Program is a uniquely, well-rounded phase of treatment that includes maintaining a close relationship with a sponsor who is experienced with self-discipline and long-term abstinence. We will write a custom essay sample on Alcoholics Anonymous or any similar topic only for you Order Now The meetings also incorporate skills such as helping others, taking responsibility for recovery, sharing personal experiences, and accepting the existence of a higher power. â€Å"Research has shown that when group therapy either is offered in conjunction with individualized drug counseling or is formatted to reflect the principles of cognitive-behavioral therapy or contingency management, positive outcomes are achieved† (NADIA, 2012). The original 12 Step Guide was inspired and created in 1935 by pioneer AAA members. A couple years later, the two founders of AAA published a book based on their experiences, including both the failures and the successes. The book describes the original AAA philosophy and methods, along with establishing the Twelve Steps. Although it has been revised throughout the years, and continues to be updated, the Twelve Steps have remained intact as it carries on its stories of success from one group to the other. Nearly four decades of scientific research and clinical practice has taught us about many diverse and effective approaches to the treatment of drug addiction, resulting in the creation of overall manuals and guides throughout the years. The etiology of substance use disorders can be explained through a variety of social dynamics. Genetic factors have been studied most frequently with alcohol and tobacco use disorders. â€Å"Specific genes have been identified, but the interaction of these genes with the environment is key for understanding genetic contributions† (Kiering, 2014). More often than not, drugs are used as an escape – an escape from reality – and this temporary escape is used to avoid the negative feelings and bad moods which are known to be related to withdrawal symptoms. In addition, this also helps in explaining the frequency and pattern of relapse. â€Å"Many substances are used to alter mood (e. G. , to reduce tension of increase positive affect), and people with certain personality traits, such as those high in negative affect or low in constraint, are especially likely to use drugs† (Kiering, 2014). Neurological factors, including the brain’s reward pathways, seem to have an influence on the use of some substances in certain individuals. â€Å"Nearly all drugs, including alcohol, stimulate the dopamine system in the brain, which produces rewarding or pleasurable feelings. Incentive-assassination theory explains that the dopamine system becomes sensitive to the drug, as well as the cues associated with the drug (needles, rolling papers, etc. ). Sensitivity to these cues induces and strengthens wanting and craving for the drug’ (Kiering, 2014). Cognitive and psychological variables are also very important to detect, such as the expectations about the effects of drugs. When an individual believes, and expects, to have positive effects from a certain drug (e. G. , drinking alcohol to reduce Stress and anxiety), the likelihood that the individual will abuse the rug is extremely high. Coloratura factors also play a vital role in how frequently a substance is used, with family and friends being the most influential. A broken family home (e. G. , marital problems, parent/sibling alcohol or drug use, and legal or psychiatric problems) can have a tremendous negative effect on a child and the decisions they make. A lack of emotional support from parents is found to increase drug use, whereas the lack of parental monitoring if often associated with higher drug use (Kiering, 2014). The idea of being â€Å"popular† and having a ton of friends seems to be a moon goal for the majority of adolescents and young adults. Social influence is explained by the fact that having peers who drink, influences drinking behavior: however, it is also known that individuals will choose friends with drinking patterns similar to their own. While growing up, most of us have always been told to choose our friends wisely; however, they neglected to tell us how difficult this can be. The 1 2-Step program addresses the factors or causes that are responsible for, or related to, substance abuse by helping individuals to understand the concept of change. Processes of change are the covert and overt activities hat people engage in to alter affect, thinking, behavior, or relationships related to particular problems or patterns of living† (NADIA, 2012). The 12-Step Program helps by addressing a patient’s motivation and ability to change while building skills to resist drug use, replacing drug-using activities with constructive and rewarding activities, increasing social alternatives and behaviors that elicit old behaviors, as well as, improving problem-solving skills, and incorporating Sponsorship to help build, or rebuild, healthy interpersonal relationships. It has also been proven that participation in roof therapy, during and following treatment, can help maintain abstinence. A longitudinal study was conducted in 2011 among a U. S. National sample of people who were living in communal-living recovery/transition homes (Oxford Houses) and were also actively involved with Alcoholics Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous. â€Å"Categorical involvement in a set of 1 2-step activities and averaged summary scores of involvement were examined in relation to abstinence and self-efficacy for abstinence. Participants who were categorically involved in all 1 2-step activities reported significantly higher evils of abstinence and self-efficacy for abstinence at 1 year compared with those who were less involved† (Major, 2011). The results suggest that the 12- step program provides individuals with substance use disorders the resources they need for ongoing recovery. In 201 3, a longitudinal study, similar to the previous one, was conducted among a U. S. Sample of patients who were in the process of leaving treatment for substance use dependencies. Categorical involvement in a set of 1 2-step activities and summary scores of involvement from the Alcoholics Anonymous Affiliation Scale were examined in relation to continuous abstinence and aftercare (Oxford House or usual care) condition† (Major, 2013). The people who were actively involved and participated in the 12-step activities were significantly more likely to maintain and continue drug-free lifestyles after 2 years, vers us those who were less involved. Through these two studies, it is suggested that involvement in the 1 2-step program and living in settings, such as the Oxford Houses, are two important factors that are related to continuous abstinence (from both alcohol and illicit drugs) among people with substance use dependencies. Most recently, a study was done on stimulant drug abusers to evaluate the effectiveness of an 8-week combined group, which included individual 1 2-step facilitative intervention and 12-step meeting attendance and service. The study consisted of a â€Å"MultiMate randomized controlled trial, with assessments at baseline, mid-treatment, end of treatment, and 3- and 6-month post- randomization follow-ups (Fiji)† (Donovan, 2014). It took place in several intensive outpatient substance treatment programs and it measured self- reports of substance use, 12-step attendance and activities, as well as a Urinalysis. The results were compared with treatment as usual (TAXI), sousing on the impact of incorporating the 1 2-step program into intensive outpatient drug treatment programs. Although it did associate with more days of use among those who were not achieving abstinence during this period, â€Å"STAGE-12 participants had lower Addiction Severity Index Drug Composite scores at and a significant reduction from baseline to the 3-month IF, attended 12-step meetings on a greater number of days during the early phase of active treatment, engaged in more other types of 12-step activities throughout the active treatment phase and the entire IF period, and had ore days of self-reported service at meetings from mid-treatment through the 6-month IF† (Donovan, 2014). More importantly, the study results indicate that individuals in a 12-step program had higher rates of meeting attendance and were involved in more related activities throughout the active treatment phase and the entire 6-month follow-up period. Being a recovering drug addict and alcoholic, myself, I absolutely recommend the 12-step program to anyone who is looking for help with their addictions. In 2012, was sentenced to do court-ordered drug counseling and it changed my life for the better. The 12-step program was originally signed for alcoholics, but throughout the years it has been known to help any type of drug addict. I was apprehensive about this at first, but I finally understood after my counselor explained that you just replace the word â€Å"alcohol† with your drug of choice. This is why you can now find individualized programs like Narcotics Anonymous, which cater to and revolve around the 12-steps. â€Å"Another benefit of mutual support group participation is that ‘helping helps the helper. Helping others by sharing experiences and providing support increases involvement in 12-Step groups, which in turn increases abstinence† (CAST, 2008). An agree, and have seen for myself, that helping truly does help the helper. Future research that has been recommended is â€Å"systematic encouragement and community access, which utilizes 12-step members as volunteers in a ‘buddy system’ that provides a bridge between formal treatment and community 12-step programs† (Donovan, 2013). Instead of just providing a list of meetings and encouraging attendance, which is the typical referral method, counselors should also introduce the individual to a current member of a 1 2-step program using an in-session telephone meeting in order to arrange attending meeting with him or her. Further studies on this idea will help to determine if there IS a significant difference in rates of attendance when being provided a guide between formal treatment and community 12-step programs, as opposed to just relying on will-power. These future studies could also help the effort to decrease the rates of recidivism in drug addicts by providing an extra step into the reintegration of inmates back into society. Overall, research over the past four decades has proven that active participation in any type of mutual support group, specifically the 12-step aerogram, has significantly increased the likelihood of maintaining a continuous, healthy, alcohol and drug-free lifestyle. In addition, â€Å"an important finding is that these abstinence rates increase with greater group participation† (CAST, 2008). How to cite Alcoholics Anonymous, Papers

Alcoholics Anonymous Free Essays

Metropolitan areas usually have specialized groups, based on such member characteristics as gender, length Of time in recovery, age, sexual orientation, profession, ethnicity, and language spoken† (CAST, 2008). Vast majorities of drug addiction treatment programs encourage the participation of self-help group therapy during and after formal treatment because the patients benefit from the social reinforcement that comes from peer discussion, while also helping to promote, achieve, and maintain drug-free and healthy lifestyles. The 12-Step Program is a uniquely, well-rounded phase of treatment that includes maintaining a close relationship with a sponsor who is experienced with self-discipline and long-term abstinence. We will write a custom essay sample on Alcoholics Anonymous or any similar topic only for you Order Now The meetings also incorporate skills such as helping others, taking responsibility for recovery, sharing personal experiences, and accepting the existence of a higher power. â€Å"Research has shown that when group therapy either is offered in conjunction with individualized drug counseling or is formatted to reflect the principles of cognitive-behavioral therapy or contingency management, positive outcomes are achieved† (NADIA, 2012). The original 12 Step Guide was inspired and created in 1935 by pioneer AAA members. A couple years later, the two founders of AAA published a book based on their experiences, including both the failures and the successes. The book describes the original AAA philosophy and methods, along with establishing the Twelve Steps. Although it has been revised throughout the years, and continues to be updated, the Twelve Steps have remained intact as it carries on its stories of success from one group to the other. Nearly four decades of scientific research and clinical practice has taught us about many diverse and effective approaches to the treatment of drug addiction, resulting in the creation of overall manuals and guides throughout the years. The etiology of substance use disorders can be explained through a variety of social dynamics. Genetic factors have been studied most frequently with alcohol and tobacco use disorders. â€Å"Specific genes have been identified, but the interaction of these genes with the environment is key for understanding genetic contributions† (Kiering, 2014). More often than not, drugs are used as an escape – an escape from reality – and this temporary escape is used to avoid the negative feelings and bad moods which are known to be related to withdrawal symptoms. In addition, this also helps in explaining the frequency and pattern of relapse. â€Å"Many substances are used to alter mood (e. G. , to reduce tension of increase positive affect), and people with certain personality traits, such as those high in negative affect or low in constraint, are especially likely to use drugs† (Kiering, 2014). Neurological factors, including the brain’s reward pathways, seem to have an influence on the use of some substances in certain individuals. â€Å"Nearly all drugs, including alcohol, stimulate the dopamine system in the brain, which produces rewarding or pleasurable feelings. Incentive-assassination theory explains that the dopamine system becomes sensitive to the drug, as well as the cues associated with the drug (needles, rolling papers, etc. ). Sensitivity to these cues induces and strengthens wanting and craving for the drug’ (Kiering, 2014). Cognitive and psychological variables are also very important to detect, such as the expectations about the effects of drugs. When an individual believes, and expects, to have positive effects from a certain drug (e. G. , drinking alcohol to reduce Stress and anxiety), the likelihood that the individual will abuse the rug is extremely high. Coloratura factors also play a vital role in how frequently a substance is used, with family and friends being the most influential. A broken family home (e. G. , marital problems, parent/sibling alcohol or drug use, and legal or psychiatric problems) can have a tremendous negative effect on a child and the decisions they make. A lack of emotional support from parents is found to increase drug use, whereas the lack of parental monitoring if often associated with higher drug use (Kiering, 2014). The idea of being â€Å"popular† and having a ton of friends seems to be a moon goal for the majority of adolescents and young adults. Social influence is explained by the fact that having peers who drink, influences drinking behavior: however, it is also known that individuals will choose friends with drinking patterns similar to their own. While growing up, most of us have always been told to choose our friends wisely; however, they neglected to tell us how difficult this can be. The 1 2-Step program addresses the factors or causes that are responsible for, or related to, substance abuse by helping individuals to understand the concept of change. Processes of change are the covert and overt activities hat people engage in to alter affect, thinking, behavior, or relationships related to particular problems or patterns of living† (NADIA, 2012). The 12-Step Program helps by addressing a patient’s motivation and ability to change while building skills to resist drug use, replacing drug-using activities with constructive and rewarding activities, increasing social alternatives and behaviors that elicit old behaviors, as well as, improving problem-solving skills, and incorporating Sponsorship to help build, or rebuild, healthy interpersonal relationships. It has also been proven that participation in roof therapy, during and following treatment, can help maintain abstinence. A longitudinal study was conducted in 2011 among a U. S. National sample of people who were living in communal-living recovery/transition homes (Oxford Houses) and were also actively involved with Alcoholics Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous. â€Å"Categorical involvement in a set of 1 2-step activities and averaged summary scores of involvement were examined in relation to abstinence and self-efficacy for abstinence. Participants who were categorically involved in all 1 2-step activities reported significantly higher evils of abstinence and self-efficacy for abstinence at 1 year compared with those who were less involved† (Major, 2011). The results suggest that the 12- step program provides individuals with substance use disorders the resources they need for ongoing recovery. In 201 3, a longitudinal study, similar to the previous one, was conducted among a U. S. Sample of patients who were in the process of leaving treatment for substance use dependencies. Categorical involvement in a set of 1 2-step activities and summary scores of involvement from the Alcoholics Anonymous Affiliation Scale were examined in relation to continuous abstinence and aftercare (Oxford House or usual care) condition† (Major, 2013). The people who were actively involved and participated in the 12-step activities were significantly more likely to maintain and continue drug-free lifestyles after 2 years, vers us those who were less involved. Through these two studies, it is suggested that involvement in the 1 2-step program and living in settings, such as the Oxford Houses, are two important factors that are related to continuous abstinence (from both alcohol and illicit drugs) among people with substance use dependencies. Most recently, a study was done on stimulant drug abusers to evaluate the effectiveness of an 8-week combined group, which included individual 1 2-step facilitative intervention and 12-step meeting attendance and service. The study consisted of a â€Å"MultiMate randomized controlled trial, with assessments at baseline, mid-treatment, end of treatment, and 3- and 6-month post- randomization follow-ups (Fiji)† (Donovan, 2014). It took place in several intensive outpatient substance treatment programs and it measured self- reports of substance use, 12-step attendance and activities, as well as a Urinalysis. The results were compared with treatment as usual (TAXI), sousing on the impact of incorporating the 1 2-step program into intensive outpatient drug treatment programs. Although it did associate with more days of use among those who were not achieving abstinence during this period, â€Å"STAGE-12 participants had lower Addiction Severity Index Drug Composite scores at and a significant reduction from baseline to the 3-month IF, attended 12-step meetings on a greater number of days during the early phase of active treatment, engaged in more other types of 12-step activities throughout the active treatment phase and the entire IF period, and had ore days of self-reported service at meetings from mid-treatment through the 6-month IF† (Donovan, 2014). More importantly, the study results indicate that individuals in a 12-step program had higher rates of meeting attendance and were involved in more related activities throughout the active treatment phase and the entire 6-month follow-up period. Being a recovering drug addict and alcoholic, myself, I absolutely recommend the 12-step program to anyone who is looking for help with their addictions. In 2012, was sentenced to do court-ordered drug counseling and it changed my life for the better. The 12-step program was originally signed for alcoholics, but throughout the years it has been known to help any type of drug addict. I was apprehensive about this at first, but I finally understood after my counselor explained that you just replace the word â€Å"alcohol† with your drug of choice. This is why you can now find individualized programs like Narcotics Anonymous, which cater to and revolve around the 12-steps. â€Å"Another benefit of mutual support group participation is that ‘helping helps the helper. Helping others by sharing experiences and providing support increases involvement in 12-Step groups, which in turn increases abstinence† (CAST, 2008). An agree, and have seen for myself, that helping truly does help the helper. Future research that has been recommended is â€Å"systematic encouragement and community access, which utilizes 12-step members as volunteers in a ‘buddy system’ that provides a bridge between formal treatment and community 12-step programs† (Donovan, 2013). Instead of just providing a list of meetings and encouraging attendance, which is the typical referral method, counselors should also introduce the individual to a current member of a 1 2-step program using an in-session telephone meeting in order to arrange attending meeting with him or her. Further studies on this idea will help to determine if there IS a significant difference in rates of attendance when being provided a guide between formal treatment and community 12-step programs, as opposed to just relying on will-power. These future studies could also help the effort to decrease the rates of recidivism in drug addicts by providing an extra step into the reintegration of inmates back into society. Overall, research over the past four decades has proven that active participation in any type of mutual support group, specifically the 12-step aerogram, has significantly increased the likelihood of maintaining a continuous, healthy, alcohol and drug-free lifestyle. In addition, â€Å"an important finding is that these abstinence rates increase with greater group participation† (CAST, 2008). How to cite Alcoholics Anonymous, Papers