Should The Death Penalty Be Abolished? Essay

Should The Death Penalty Be Abolished? Paper Capital punishment is the demonstration of rebuffing somebody to death for an offense. Questions have been emerged to whether capital punishment ought to be canceled in nations around the globe. The advantages and disadvantages of capital punishment. In this manner, the motivation behind this exploration study is to take a gander at the two sides of the contentions of capital punishment. It begins with the depiction of capital punishment and the various sorts of capital punishment. Intriguing issues are raised like the improper executions, capital punishment being hindrance to wrongdoing and the options in contrast to capital punishment. There are proof to the two sides of the contention in whether capital punishment ought to be abrogated or not. In light of the examination that is done which assesses the causes, impacts and approaches to fathom the topic of capital punishment, the numerous purposes behind why capital punishment ought to be annulled is being demonstrated and in this manner closing the proposal articulation. At the point when the word capital punishment is utilized, it makes shouting and shouting from the two sides of fanatic. One side may state prevention, while the opposite side may state, yet you may execute a guiltless man. Capital punishment is characterized as the slaughtering of an individual by legal procedure as a discipline for an offense. Today, one of the most discussed issues in the Criminal Justice System is the issue of the death penalty or capital punishment. There are 8 sorts of capital punishment rehearsed in an official limit in the cutting edge world. Deadly infusion is the act of infusing an individual with a lethal portion of medications for the express motivation behind causing a prompt passing. Gas chamber executions are the place the detainee is tied to a seat inside a fixed gas chamber. The killer (remaining outside of the chamber) pulls a switch dropping potassium cyanide pellets into a tank of sulfuric corrosive, flooding the chamber with deadly hydrogen cyanide gas. The hot seat is additionally another basic type of the death penalty. The detainee is shaved, lashed to a seat, and fitted with cathodes connected to conductive spongesone on the head, one on the legcreating an immediate flow. The detainee is then hooded. The killer pulls a switch, and 2,000 volts race through the detainees body as the inner internal heat level methodologies 140 degrees. Executions by terminating crew takes a shot at tying the casualty to a seat w ith five sharpshooters focusing on the casualties heart and every one of the five pulling the trigger. There is additionally demise by hanging. The detainee remains on trapdoor, and a rope slips from a wooden pillar overhead. The rope is affixed around the detainees neck in a Hangmans noose, which fixes when pulled upon. The killer pulls a switch opening the trapdoor and dropping the detainee, who in a perfect world bites the dust rapidly because of a messed up neck. Demise by stoning is apparently the universes most established type of execution. The detainee is covered either up to his midriff (in the event that male) or up to her shoulders (on the off chance that female) and afterward pelted with stones by a horde of volunteers until clearly battered to death. Passing by decapitating is likely the most altruistic type of discipline. The casualty is controlled, normally compelled to bow, and the killer evacuates the head by method of a blade or blade. Finally, torturous killing is an antiquated strategy for difficult execution where the denounced individual is tied or nailed to an enormous cross (of different shapes) and left to hang until dead. Point of report. The reason for this report is to research the elements on why capital punishment ought to be abrogated and the numerous surveys on capital punishment by the individuals all around. This examination draws on data assembled from different Malaysian and universal articles, World Wide Web destinations and video narrative. 2.0 Why are a few people for capital punishment? There are various reasons on why a few people are for capital punishment in spite of the fact that greater part is in transit of nullifying it. A few considers it to be an approach to even better end the crime percentages around the globe. 2.1 Capital discipline considers the criminal responsible for his/her activities. Equity requires rebuffing the liable regardless of whether no one but some can be rebuffed and saving the guiltless, regardless of whether all are not saved. Ethically, equity should consistently be wanted to balance. Equity can't ever allow saving some liable individual, or rebuffing some blameless ones, for uniformity since others have been saved or rebuffed. By and by, punishments would never be applied on the off chance that we demanded that they can be delivered on just a blameworthy individual except if we can ensure that they are similarly applied to all other liable people. Anybody acquainted with the law requirement realizes that disciplines can be dispensed uniquely on an unavoidable shiver determination of the liable (Bedau, H., 1977). Irwin Isenberg (1977) stated, when you slaughter a man with intention, you accomplish something other than what's expected than taking from him. I favor capita l punishment as an issue of equity and human pride even separated from prevention. The punishment must be fitting to the reality of the wrongdoing (p. 135). 2.2 Prevents recidivism. Capital punishment shields the general population from the most appalling lawbreakers and it additionally shields us from specialists, judges, parole sheets, and big names who can too effectively be duped by a rehearsed scalawag resolved to win his opportunity so as to proceed with his criminal profession. Individuals waiting for capital punishment can't escape jail and are hanging tight for the day they are executed. When they are killed, there is positively no recidivism to stress over. 2.3 Death punishment is an impediment to wrongdoing. On the off chance that we don't know whether capital punishment will hinder others, we will be defied with two vulnerabilities. In the event that we have capital punishment and accomplish no obstruction impact, than, the life of sentenced killers has been used futile (from an impediment perspective)- here is a total deficit. On the off chance that we have capital punishment, and prevent future killers, we saved the lives of future casualties (the planned killers gain, as well; they are saved discipline since they were hindered). For this situation, capital punishment is an addition, except if the sentenced killer is esteemed more profoundly than that of the obscure casualty, or casualties (Carrington, F., l978). 3. For what reason do a few people restrict capital punishment? Dominant part of individuals contradict capital punishment as it carries more inconvenience to advantage. 3.1 The illegitimate executions of a blameless individual. In contrast to all other criminal disciplines, capital punishment is interestingly permanent. Albeit a few defenders of the death penalty would contend that its benefits merit the incidental execution of honest individuals, most would likewise demand that there is little probability of the honest being executed. In Georgia in 1975, Earl Charles was indicted for homicide and condemned to death. An enduring casualty of the wrongdoing incorrectly distinguished Charles as the shooter; her declaration was upheld by a prison house source who guaranteed he had heard Charles admit . Indisputable justification proof, demonstrating that Charles was in Florida at the very time of the wrongdoing, in the end built up his honesty however not until he had gone through over three years under capital punishment. His discharge was owing to a great extent to his moms unflagging efforts.(35) 3.2 The significant expense of capital punishment. It is once in a while recommended that abrogating the death penalty is uncalled for to the citizen, on the supposition that life detainment is more costly than execution. A homicide preliminary ordinarily takes any longer when capital punishment is at issue than when it isn't. Suit costs including the hour of judges, investigators, open protectors, and court columnists, and the significant expenses of briefs are generally borne by the citizen. 3.3 The casualties families points of view on capital punishment. Various families and friends and family of homicide casualties bolster options in contrast to capital punishment for some, reasons, including: Capital punishment process is a damaging encounter for families, regularly expecting them to remember the torment and enduring of the demise of their cherished one for a long time. An existence without the chance for further appeal gives certain discipline without the interminable reviving of wounds. 3.4 Inadequate legitimate portrayal. Practically all litigants in capital cases can't bear the cost of their own lawyers. As a rule, the selected lawyers are exhausted, come up short on, or without the preliminary experience required for capital punishment cases. There have even been occasions in which legal counselors designated to a demise case were unpracticed to such an extent that they were totally caught off guard for the condemning period of the preliminary. Other designated lawyers have dozed through pieces of the preliminary, or showed up at the court affected by liquor. 3.5 Alternatives to capital punishment. In each express that holds capital punishment, legal hearers have the choice of condemning indicted capital killers to life in jail without the chance of parole. The sentence is less expensive to citizens and saves rough wrongdoers off the boulevards for good. In contrast to capital punishment, a sentence of Life without Parole likewise permits missteps to be rectified. 3.6 Religious viewpoints on capital punishment. The vast majority are living with their own convictions or religions however there are minorities of individuals who are free-scholars. Practically all religions around the globe view executions as corrupt. Among them are Christianity, Buddhism, Jewish, Islam and Judaism . 4.0 There are better strategies to rebuff the wrongdoers than capital punishment. Capital punishment can be too remorseless to even think about punishing the guilty parties and nobody should end the life of others other than God. In spite of this, guilty parties are not pardoned from being rebuffed for what they did to others as they despite everything should be rebuffed yet just with different options in contrast to capital punishment. 4.1 Life detainment without the chance of parole in addition to compensation. The most mainstream option in contrast to capital punishment is life detainment without the chance of parole in addition to compensation. This option costs significantly less than the death penalty, yet in addition keeps

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Essay

This article has profoundly investigated the significances of instruction. The alternate points of view that the writer of the article has utilized in clarifying the criticalness of training has made me to comprehend the respectable piece of instruction which I however was expanded monetary force. Anyway from the article, I have understood that there are different advantages collected to instruction, for example, improved way of life, and furthermore the norm of an individual however they have not been completely depleted in the article. The fruition of tertiary instruction has likewise increment in Organization for Economic Co-activity and Development (OECD) individuals have additionally discovered that there is imbalance in monetary acquiring in the OECD nation individuals with Spain, Luxembourg and Belgium having the most minimal degree of sex disparity. This anyway doesn't adjust in all nations particularly the creating nations where the degree of joblessness is high. There is elevated level of jobless alumni in the creating nations which deny instruction of its significance. The pay rate in the creating nations don't coordinate with training level because of significant level of debasement in these nations. It is conceivable to discover a Bachelor qualification holder acquiring not exactly a school recognition holder. The instruction in various nations fluctuate in hugeness and in the created nations the individuals appreciate the advantages of training more than the individuals in the creating nations. The articles investigation on sciences and maths score has brought the away from of execution across various nations. Much the same as numerous individuals, I was unable to have envisioned that the United States could be driven by some other nation in the science and innovation segment. Incredibly from the articles examination regarding these matters (Science and Maths), Asian nations take a lead including Singapore, China, South Korea and Japan. It have likewise been noticed that various nations vary altogether fair and square of instruction and training fulfillment. The sexual orientation disparity in acquiring is noticeable in the creating nations which the article ought to have centered. The article did exclude African states in the examination with the exception of in the science and math execution. I feel that the article required a greater amount of examination on training in Africa with the primary world nations which could have realized an away from of instruction in the two variations. The article could have talked about the future possibility of instruction on the planet. With the improved innovation, various people from various nations can obtain widespread training and subsequently odds of business increment. The degree of rivalry in instruction is additionally prone to go higher as kids at a lower age are being presented to innovation, for example, the web. The article need accordingly to address the eventual fate of instruction in the globe. The advantages of training are more extensive than the article is expressing. Training assumes a significant job in the protection of the earth. The degree of training decides the ones degree of ecological cognizance. With the danger of a dangerous atmospheric devation, training through making mindfulness and giving answers for the issue can have any kind of effect.

Poetry by your Favorite Musicians

Poetry by your Favorite Musicians Want more lyricism from your favorite musician? Check out their poetry books! Florence Welch, from Florence and the Machine, just came out with Useless Magic: Lyrics and Poems, this month. Full of doodles, lyrics, some photos, and poems it might be worth checking out if you cant get enough of High as Hope. Leonard Cohen has written many poetry books (unsurprisingly, considering his talent with words). If you miss the beloved musician, there is a posthumous collection called coming out in October called The Flame, with pieces selected by Cohen towards the end of his life. Dessa is one of my favorite rappers and part of the Doomtree collective. If you havent checked out her new album, Chime, you definitely should, and afterwards you can grab Spiral Bound, a collection of essays and poems. Patti Smith is well-known as an author, but if you are poetically inclined, it might be worth looking into Auguries of Innocence, originally published in 2005. Do you hear the clock at six a.m. and just really want to read some poetry by Jewel? You were meant for A Night Without Armor and it was meant for you. If you keep on falling in love with Alicia Keys, she does have a poetry collection called Tears for Water: a songbook of lyrics of poetry. Ani Difranco wrote Verses back in 2007, and it is not a binary choice.You can listen to her newest album and enjoy some older lyricism at the same time. Of course Joni Mitchell, one of the most well-known folk musicians of our time has a lot of poetic leanings. Theres even a whole book of them! Joni Mitchell: The Complete Poems and Lyrics is a good addition to any collection. Gil Scott-Heron was a jazz/blues/soul musician who was a huge influence on hip hop. He was a well-known spoken-word poet, and his collection of poetry, Now and Then, remains all too relevant today. I know there are many more I didnt get a chance to mention, but what musician do you think SHOULD write a poetry book? What more poetry? Find it here.

Kite Runner - 1130 Words

A soldier in war knows he could die at any moment, but remains on the battlefield to protect that which is dearest to him. It takes a special kind of person to do this. When faced with adversity, there are a select few who can push it aside for the greater good. These are the people worth writing about. In Khaled Hosseinis, The Kite Runner, the main character, Amir, learns the true meaning of loyalty and friendship by risking his own life to save another, thus proving that one does not know the value of friendship until it is gone. After years of misguidance, Amir realizes that on the road to friendship and loyalty, one must be able to stand up for what they believe in, something many are too afraid to do. When they were young,†¦show more content†¦On the other hand, because Amir still had the question in his mind of whether or not forgiveness was something that just came and went shows that he needed some help: â€Å"I wondered if that was how forgiveness budded, not with the fanfare of epiphany, but with pain gathering its things, packing up, and slipping away unannounced in the middle of the night†(359). He needed forgiveness for not knowing what he had until it was gone. The loyalty Hassan showed went unappreciated until he was no longer in Amirs life. He was uncertain about how to relieve his pain until the opportunity presented itself. However, there was a defining moment in which Amir feels the ultimate rewards of his efforts to redeem himself, aside from erasing his guilt. He enters a competition with Sohrab where he is the kite runner for him. He gets to walk in Hassans shoes for that moment, free of guilt and selfishness. After the two have won the competition, Sohrab does something he had not done in a long time. â€Å"I looked down at Sohrab. One corner of his mouth had curled up just so. Lopsided. Hardly there. But there†(370). Sohrab shows gratitude, ever so slightly, to Amir for helping him win the contest; somet hing that Amir did not show to Hassan when he helped him win the contest years ago. In a way, this was his redemption. Amir finally learns that through being unselfish and sincere inShow MoreRelatedThe Kite Runner1867 Words   |  8 PagesThe main protagonists in A Complicated Kindness and The Kite Runner convey that identities are socially constructed. Identity is shaped through the following factors: parenting, conflict, culture, gender, and genetics. These factors all intertwine and are the main influencers for shaping the protagonists identity. This is formed by the people that surround a person, their cultural stereotypes, how they teach others, and how a person learns. This essay will discuss how these factor effect identityRead MoreSummary Of The Kite Runner 1269 Words   |  6 PagesThe Kite Runner is a very powerful book that deals with many complex political and personal problems. This book has changed and challenged many of my views on life. I also found this book ver y inspiring and I have gained a greater appreciation for the life I have in Canada. Firstly, the text communicated with me through emotions. For example, I felt sadness for Hassan because of the way society treats him as an unequal. In addition, I have learned many things from this novel such as the importanceRead MoreThe Kite Runner Analysis772 Words   |  4 PagesThe Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini was a touching book that revolved around loyalty within a friendship. The friendship between Hassan and Amir had some difficulties. A true friendship can be hard to find(,) but can be one of the most vital things to being truly happy. Both Hassan and Amir had proven their loyalty to each other by the end of The Kite Runner. Loyalty was a crucial part in Hassan and Amir’s friendship.   Ã‚  Ã‚   In the beginning, Hassan was not only loyal to Amir because that was his dutyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Kite Runner 1016 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to the dictionary redemption means â€Å" The act of saving from sin†. The kite Runner is about two boys that goes through violence and betrayal in Kabul, Afghanistan. One of the main characters Amir decided not to help his best friend caused their conflicts to grow. This reveals the theme of redemption throughout the Kite Runner. Most importantly, there is a motivation behind why Amir battles very nearly his whole existence with reclamation and that is on the grounds that Amir s hirelingRead MoreThe Kite Runner Analysis 1844 Words   |  8 PagesTherefore, being a father is very difficult, having to overcome obstacles and being strong for each other. A well-known saying â€Å"like father, like son† is evident in this novel by the different ties of relationship each character had. In the novel, The Kite Runner, Khaled Hosseini proves that there is need of a fatherly figure when growing up. Having a father-son bond helps the child differentiate right from wrong. The relationship which demonstrates the need of a father figure is depicted by Baba and AmirRead MoreSummary Of The Kite Runner Essay997 Words   |  4 Pages The Kite Runner Theme Paper In the song â€Å"hello† by Adele she talks about how she wants meet to talk about everything in the past the makes her feel this guilt because the time away just didn t do enough she hasn t got over this feeling. Also in The Kite Runner, the character Baba experiences guilt so he does acts of kindness to redeem himself. No one knows why Baba did those acts of kindness till the end of the book because he thought no one would think of him the same way. In The Kite RunnerRead MoreAnalysis Of The Kite Runner 1229 Words   |  5 PagesThe Kite Runner’s plot is centered on the story of Amir, a young boy who grew up in Afghanistan with his father, and friend, Hassan. Amir was raised without a mother, and had no womanly influence in his life until he was married. This lack of women in the storyline has caused some to argue that the novel is demeaning to women (Gomez). The vulgar language and explicit themes are seen as demoralizing towards the female gender (Schaub). In the novel the women are required to remain committed and submissiveRead MoreRedemption in The Kite Runner1038 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"For you, a thousand times over.† In The Kite Runner by Kahled Hosseini, there is a recurring theme of redemption that is portrayed by various literary devices. Kahled excellently juxtaposes devices such as irony, symbolism, and foreshadowing to show redemption within his first novel. As a foreword, the story of The Kite Runner focuses on a man named Amir. In his childhood, he enjoyed a high-class life in Kabul, Afghanistan, living with his father Baba. They have two servants, Ali and his son HassanRead MoreAnalysis Of The Kite Runner 1359 Words   |  6 Pages One major theme that is evident in The Kite Runner is that scars are reminders of life’s pain and regret, and, though you can ease the regret and the scars will fade, neither will completely go away. We all have regrets and always will, but though it will be a long hard process we can lessen them through redemption. The majority of The Kite Runner is about the narrator and protagonist, Amir. Almost all of the characters in The Kite Runner have scars, whether they are physical or emotional. BabaRead MoreThe Kite Runner Essay1321 Words   |  6 PagesWhat are the essential values and ideas presented in The Kite Runner? Analyse and assess how effective their representation is Hosseini has expressed copious essential values and ideas in his novel The Kite Runner (TKR) including Loyalty, Culture, Gender and Ethnicity and Atonement. Hosseini has expressed these through the combination of style, structure, characterisation, themes and setting. Due to the context of The Kite Runner, culture is an important idea presented because it has major significance

Diary Of An Irish Immigrant - 1951 Words

Brendan Ryan February 16th, 2017 Class 811 Period 3 The Diary of an Irish Immigrant Entry #1: Leaving Ireland. December 8th, 1892 It s so cold today. I sit on a suitcase packed for me, Norah. I am from a small town in Ireland called Cobh, and I live there with my mother, father and little sister. Glenn is my older brother, three years older than me. Oh, and I m sixteen. I guess you could call this feeling anxiety, but it really is more than that. It feels like I ll never come home, and I ll never see mother and father again. Everyone says (well, if you can call the newspaper editor and his wife everyone) that America is paved with gold and that endless opportunities await anyone who goes. But the stories I†¦show more content†¦It s dark, and I can t see what I am writing well at all, so excuse me if my penmanship is sloppy. I thought about it, and decided that I should record what s going on, because I don t want to become senile and forget everything once I get old. Glenn told me that he has arranged to get a job at a dock once we land. We are only a week or so in to our voyage, so I can t exactly sta rt complaining yet, seeing as we haven t even reached the halfway point in our journey. I m trying not to allow myself to look forward to living in America too much, in case it isn t all I hoped it would be. But I can t help it. I stand on the deck and picture being able to teach school, and have a job, and live in my own house... and I get get carried away, and then I remember that it could be a month before I am even able to become a citizen. All is I hear is stories of having absolute freedom in America, cleanliness, fairness, and equality. But most of all, I hear about money. It s everywhere, they say, ready for making your fortune whatever way you please. I m sorry, this entry must be shorter than most. I forgot to say that Glenn has fallen ill, but it seems like it s just a flu bug, and hopefully he will be better soon. Hopefully. Entry #3: This long journey better be worth it December 20th, 1893 I feel wretched from all the rocking and turning of the ship. I thought I d get used to it, but it feels like it s gotten ten times worse I feel like I can whine aboutShow MoreRelatedJacksonian Democracy750 Words   |  3 Pagesneeded to secure their rights as workers and Americans. In his Diary from 1828-1851, Phillip Hone recorded observations of what he noticed during two riots between the Irish and Americans. He also speaks about quarrels between the Irish and Blacks, and Blacks and Whites (E). It is important to understand what was happening between the Irish and Americans, and between the Irish and the Blacks. The Irish fleeing british overlords traveled to America in search of a new lifeRead More DBQ 1820s 1830s Essay733 Words   |  3 Pagesprotection needed to secure their rights as workers and Americans. In his Diary from 1828-1851, Phillip Hone recorded observations of what he noticed during two riots between the Irish and Americans. He also speaks about quarrels between the Irish and Blacks, and Blacks and Whites (E). It is important to understand what was happening between the Irish and Americans, and between the Irish and the Blacks. The Irish fleeing british overlords traveled to America in search of a new life, hopingRead MoreEssay about Taking a Closer Look at the Golding Sisters831 Words   |  4 Pagespopulation boom and an influx of foreign immigrants all trying their luck at making it rich. The new Australians had different cultures and varying religious practices. They sought for schools and places of prayer in their own languages (Dixon, 2005). Unemployment and financial struggles grew with this increasing population. Male dominance was considered the norm so women were left with unjust opportunities for unemployment and equality in the workplace (Womens Diaries, 1997). 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They had two children, John Andrew and Samuel, but Thomas disappeared randomly. Susannah would later write in her diary that she believed he left her for another woman and moved to another area of Canada. This event pushedRead More The Potato Famine Essay2687 Words   |  11 PagesOf the nineteenth century.† -Ian Gibson nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Irish-American. To some, this term merely designates one of the many ethnic groups which can be found in the United States; but to those who are Irish-American, it represents a people who faced a disaster of mammoth proportions and who managed to survive at great cost. The Great Hunger of 1845 changed, or more often, destroyed the lives of millions of Irish, causing them to seek refuge from poverty and starvation in other, moreRead More The Emporer Caesar Essay1496 Words   |  6 Pagesfamous as the first Roman Emperor to convert to Christianity. His rise from a humble birth as a peasant boy to Emperor is a tale of bravery, adversity and ultimately triumph through faith. Julius Caesar was born as Groyxo Gaul in 54BC into an immigrant family in the back streets of Rome. Neither parent was rich. The German historian Guildo Horn noted: â€Å"Seine Mutter war ein Hamster und sein Vater, der von den Holunderbeeren gerochen wurde.† They were as flotsam and jetsam on the beach. His earlyRead MoreJacksonian Democracy1150 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Cult of True Womanhood, which essentially encouraged women to dedicate their lives to being good mothers and wives. Under the Jacksonian Democracy, Blacks and immigrants faced discrimination, as shown through their tendency to riot in cities. Philip Hone once addressed these in his diary, stating that, â€Å"dreadful riots between the Irish and the Americans have again disturbed the public peace†, and also that, â€Å"The spirit of riot and insubordination†¦has made its appearance in†¦Philadelphia, and appearsRead MoreJacksonian Dbq1652 Words   |  7 Pagesliberty and equality, the million s of women. Blacks, Native Americans, immigrants, and other minorities in America continued to languish in a society that ignored their rights. during the Age of Jackson, enslavement of Blacks, the ultimate form of inequality, was at a new high in America. At the same time, enormous disparities of wealth existed between rich merchants, industrialists and planters, and their lowly workers: immigrants. Blacks, and the common man. While these contradictions typified AmericaRead MoreEssay on The Donner Party Tragedy2584 Words   |  11 Pagestraveled by anyone for this purpose, not even by himself. In the following, the diaries of the Donner Party will be cited and combined with the information known about the situations. While the group was still in Springfield in preparation, it was extremely hard for many to move once more to the West, but it should be the last time. Virginia Reed, the 13 year old adopted daughter of James F. Reed, wrote in her diary: â€Å"My father, with tears in his eyes, tried to smile as one friend after another

Alcoholics Anonymous Free Essays

Metropolitan areas usually have specialized groups, based on such member characteristics as gender, length Of time in recovery, age, sexual orientation, profession, ethnicity, and language spoken† (CAST, 2008). Vast majorities of drug addiction treatment programs encourage the participation of self-help group therapy during and after formal treatment because the patients benefit from the social reinforcement that comes from peer discussion, while also helping to promote, achieve, and maintain drug-free and healthy lifestyles. The 12-Step Program is a uniquely, well-rounded phase of treatment that includes maintaining a close relationship with a sponsor who is experienced with self-discipline and long-term abstinence. We will write a custom essay sample on Alcoholics Anonymous or any similar topic only for you Order Now The meetings also incorporate skills such as helping others, taking responsibility for recovery, sharing personal experiences, and accepting the existence of a higher power. â€Å"Research has shown that when group therapy either is offered in conjunction with individualized drug counseling or is formatted to reflect the principles of cognitive-behavioral therapy or contingency management, positive outcomes are achieved† (NADIA, 2012). The original 12 Step Guide was inspired and created in 1935 by pioneer AAA members. A couple years later, the two founders of AAA published a book based on their experiences, including both the failures and the successes. The book describes the original AAA philosophy and methods, along with establishing the Twelve Steps. Although it has been revised throughout the years, and continues to be updated, the Twelve Steps have remained intact as it carries on its stories of success from one group to the other. Nearly four decades of scientific research and clinical practice has taught us about many diverse and effective approaches to the treatment of drug addiction, resulting in the creation of overall manuals and guides throughout the years. The etiology of substance use disorders can be explained through a variety of social dynamics. Genetic factors have been studied most frequently with alcohol and tobacco use disorders. â€Å"Specific genes have been identified, but the interaction of these genes with the environment is key for understanding genetic contributions† (Kiering, 2014). More often than not, drugs are used as an escape – an escape from reality – and this temporary escape is used to avoid the negative feelings and bad moods which are known to be related to withdrawal symptoms. In addition, this also helps in explaining the frequency and pattern of relapse. â€Å"Many substances are used to alter mood (e. G. , to reduce tension of increase positive affect), and people with certain personality traits, such as those high in negative affect or low in constraint, are especially likely to use drugs† (Kiering, 2014). Neurological factors, including the brain’s reward pathways, seem to have an influence on the use of some substances in certain individuals. â€Å"Nearly all drugs, including alcohol, stimulate the dopamine system in the brain, which produces rewarding or pleasurable feelings. Incentive-assassination theory explains that the dopamine system becomes sensitive to the drug, as well as the cues associated with the drug (needles, rolling papers, etc. ). Sensitivity to these cues induces and strengthens wanting and craving for the drug’ (Kiering, 2014). Cognitive and psychological variables are also very important to detect, such as the expectations about the effects of drugs. When an individual believes, and expects, to have positive effects from a certain drug (e. G. , drinking alcohol to reduce Stress and anxiety), the likelihood that the individual will abuse the rug is extremely high. Coloratura factors also play a vital role in how frequently a substance is used, with family and friends being the most influential. A broken family home (e. G. , marital problems, parent/sibling alcohol or drug use, and legal or psychiatric problems) can have a tremendous negative effect on a child and the decisions they make. A lack of emotional support from parents is found to increase drug use, whereas the lack of parental monitoring if often associated with higher drug use (Kiering, 2014). The idea of being â€Å"popular† and having a ton of friends seems to be a moon goal for the majority of adolescents and young adults. Social influence is explained by the fact that having peers who drink, influences drinking behavior: however, it is also known that individuals will choose friends with drinking patterns similar to their own. While growing up, most of us have always been told to choose our friends wisely; however, they neglected to tell us how difficult this can be. The 1 2-Step program addresses the factors or causes that are responsible for, or related to, substance abuse by helping individuals to understand the concept of change. Processes of change are the covert and overt activities hat people engage in to alter affect, thinking, behavior, or relationships related to particular problems or patterns of living† (NADIA, 2012). The 12-Step Program helps by addressing a patient’s motivation and ability to change while building skills to resist drug use, replacing drug-using activities with constructive and rewarding activities, increasing social alternatives and behaviors that elicit old behaviors, as well as, improving problem-solving skills, and incorporating Sponsorship to help build, or rebuild, healthy interpersonal relationships. It has also been proven that participation in roof therapy, during and following treatment, can help maintain abstinence. A longitudinal study was conducted in 2011 among a U. S. National sample of people who were living in communal-living recovery/transition homes (Oxford Houses) and were also actively involved with Alcoholics Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous. â€Å"Categorical involvement in a set of 1 2-step activities and averaged summary scores of involvement were examined in relation to abstinence and self-efficacy for abstinence. Participants who were categorically involved in all 1 2-step activities reported significantly higher evils of abstinence and self-efficacy for abstinence at 1 year compared with those who were less involved† (Major, 2011). The results suggest that the 12- step program provides individuals with substance use disorders the resources they need for ongoing recovery. In 201 3, a longitudinal study, similar to the previous one, was conducted among a U. S. Sample of patients who were in the process of leaving treatment for substance use dependencies. Categorical involvement in a set of 1 2-step activities and summary scores of involvement from the Alcoholics Anonymous Affiliation Scale were examined in relation to continuous abstinence and aftercare (Oxford House or usual care) condition† (Major, 2013). The people who were actively involved and participated in the 12-step activities were significantly more likely to maintain and continue drug-free lifestyles after 2 years, vers us those who were less involved. Through these two studies, it is suggested that involvement in the 1 2-step program and living in settings, such as the Oxford Houses, are two important factors that are related to continuous abstinence (from both alcohol and illicit drugs) among people with substance use dependencies. Most recently, a study was done on stimulant drug abusers to evaluate the effectiveness of an 8-week combined group, which included individual 1 2-step facilitative intervention and 12-step meeting attendance and service. The study consisted of a â€Å"MultiMate randomized controlled trial, with assessments at baseline, mid-treatment, end of treatment, and 3- and 6-month post- randomization follow-ups (Fiji)† (Donovan, 2014). It took place in several intensive outpatient substance treatment programs and it measured self- reports of substance use, 12-step attendance and activities, as well as a Urinalysis. The results were compared with treatment as usual (TAXI), sousing on the impact of incorporating the 1 2-step program into intensive outpatient drug treatment programs. Although it did associate with more days of use among those who were not achieving abstinence during this period, â€Å"STAGE-12 participants had lower Addiction Severity Index Drug Composite scores at and a significant reduction from baseline to the 3-month IF, attended 12-step meetings on a greater number of days during the early phase of active treatment, engaged in more other types of 12-step activities throughout the active treatment phase and the entire IF period, and had ore days of self-reported service at meetings from mid-treatment through the 6-month IF† (Donovan, 2014). More importantly, the study results indicate that individuals in a 12-step program had higher rates of meeting attendance and were involved in more related activities throughout the active treatment phase and the entire 6-month follow-up period. Being a recovering drug addict and alcoholic, myself, I absolutely recommend the 12-step program to anyone who is looking for help with their addictions. In 2012, was sentenced to do court-ordered drug counseling and it changed my life for the better. The 12-step program was originally signed for alcoholics, but throughout the years it has been known to help any type of drug addict. I was apprehensive about this at first, but I finally understood after my counselor explained that you just replace the word â€Å"alcohol† with your drug of choice. This is why you can now find individualized programs like Narcotics Anonymous, which cater to and revolve around the 12-steps. â€Å"Another benefit of mutual support group participation is that ‘helping helps the helper. Helping others by sharing experiences and providing support increases involvement in 12-Step groups, which in turn increases abstinence† (CAST, 2008). An agree, and have seen for myself, that helping truly does help the helper. Future research that has been recommended is â€Å"systematic encouragement and community access, which utilizes 12-step members as volunteers in a ‘buddy system’ that provides a bridge between formal treatment and community 12-step programs† (Donovan, 2013). Instead of just providing a list of meetings and encouraging attendance, which is the typical referral method, counselors should also introduce the individual to a current member of a 1 2-step program using an in-session telephone meeting in order to arrange attending meeting with him or her. Further studies on this idea will help to determine if there IS a significant difference in rates of attendance when being provided a guide between formal treatment and community 12-step programs, as opposed to just relying on will-power. These future studies could also help the effort to decrease the rates of recidivism in drug addicts by providing an extra step into the reintegration of inmates back into society. Overall, research over the past four decades has proven that active participation in any type of mutual support group, specifically the 12-step aerogram, has significantly increased the likelihood of maintaining a continuous, healthy, alcohol and drug-free lifestyle. In addition, â€Å"an important finding is that these abstinence rates increase with greater group participation† (CAST, 2008). How to cite Alcoholics Anonymous, Papers

Alcoholics Anonymous Free Essays

Metropolitan areas usually have specialized groups, based on such member characteristics as gender, length Of time in recovery, age, sexual orientation, profession, ethnicity, and language spoken† (CAST, 2008). Vast majorities of drug addiction treatment programs encourage the participation of self-help group therapy during and after formal treatment because the patients benefit from the social reinforcement that comes from peer discussion, while also helping to promote, achieve, and maintain drug-free and healthy lifestyles. The 12-Step Program is a uniquely, well-rounded phase of treatment that includes maintaining a close relationship with a sponsor who is experienced with self-discipline and long-term abstinence. We will write a custom essay sample on Alcoholics Anonymous or any similar topic only for you Order Now The meetings also incorporate skills such as helping others, taking responsibility for recovery, sharing personal experiences, and accepting the existence of a higher power. â€Å"Research has shown that when group therapy either is offered in conjunction with individualized drug counseling or is formatted to reflect the principles of cognitive-behavioral therapy or contingency management, positive outcomes are achieved† (NADIA, 2012). The original 12 Step Guide was inspired and created in 1935 by pioneer AAA members. A couple years later, the two founders of AAA published a book based on their experiences, including both the failures and the successes. The book describes the original AAA philosophy and methods, along with establishing the Twelve Steps. Although it has been revised throughout the years, and continues to be updated, the Twelve Steps have remained intact as it carries on its stories of success from one group to the other. Nearly four decades of scientific research and clinical practice has taught us about many diverse and effective approaches to the treatment of drug addiction, resulting in the creation of overall manuals and guides throughout the years. The etiology of substance use disorders can be explained through a variety of social dynamics. Genetic factors have been studied most frequently with alcohol and tobacco use disorders. â€Å"Specific genes have been identified, but the interaction of these genes with the environment is key for understanding genetic contributions† (Kiering, 2014). More often than not, drugs are used as an escape – an escape from reality – and this temporary escape is used to avoid the negative feelings and bad moods which are known to be related to withdrawal symptoms. In addition, this also helps in explaining the frequency and pattern of relapse. â€Å"Many substances are used to alter mood (e. G. , to reduce tension of increase positive affect), and people with certain personality traits, such as those high in negative affect or low in constraint, are especially likely to use drugs† (Kiering, 2014). Neurological factors, including the brain’s reward pathways, seem to have an influence on the use of some substances in certain individuals. â€Å"Nearly all drugs, including alcohol, stimulate the dopamine system in the brain, which produces rewarding or pleasurable feelings. Incentive-assassination theory explains that the dopamine system becomes sensitive to the drug, as well as the cues associated with the drug (needles, rolling papers, etc. ). Sensitivity to these cues induces and strengthens wanting and craving for the drug’ (Kiering, 2014). Cognitive and psychological variables are also very important to detect, such as the expectations about the effects of drugs. When an individual believes, and expects, to have positive effects from a certain drug (e. G. , drinking alcohol to reduce Stress and anxiety), the likelihood that the individual will abuse the rug is extremely high. Coloratura factors also play a vital role in how frequently a substance is used, with family and friends being the most influential. A broken family home (e. G. , marital problems, parent/sibling alcohol or drug use, and legal or psychiatric problems) can have a tremendous negative effect on a child and the decisions they make. A lack of emotional support from parents is found to increase drug use, whereas the lack of parental monitoring if often associated with higher drug use (Kiering, 2014). The idea of being â€Å"popular† and having a ton of friends seems to be a moon goal for the majority of adolescents and young adults. Social influence is explained by the fact that having peers who drink, influences drinking behavior: however, it is also known that individuals will choose friends with drinking patterns similar to their own. While growing up, most of us have always been told to choose our friends wisely; however, they neglected to tell us how difficult this can be. The 1 2-Step program addresses the factors or causes that are responsible for, or related to, substance abuse by helping individuals to understand the concept of change. Processes of change are the covert and overt activities hat people engage in to alter affect, thinking, behavior, or relationships related to particular problems or patterns of living† (NADIA, 2012). The 12-Step Program helps by addressing a patient’s motivation and ability to change while building skills to resist drug use, replacing drug-using activities with constructive and rewarding activities, increasing social alternatives and behaviors that elicit old behaviors, as well as, improving problem-solving skills, and incorporating Sponsorship to help build, or rebuild, healthy interpersonal relationships. It has also been proven that participation in roof therapy, during and following treatment, can help maintain abstinence. A longitudinal study was conducted in 2011 among a U. S. National sample of people who were living in communal-living recovery/transition homes (Oxford Houses) and were also actively involved with Alcoholics Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous. â€Å"Categorical involvement in a set of 1 2-step activities and averaged summary scores of involvement were examined in relation to abstinence and self-efficacy for abstinence. Participants who were categorically involved in all 1 2-step activities reported significantly higher evils of abstinence and self-efficacy for abstinence at 1 year compared with those who were less involved† (Major, 2011). The results suggest that the 12- step program provides individuals with substance use disorders the resources they need for ongoing recovery. In 201 3, a longitudinal study, similar to the previous one, was conducted among a U. S. Sample of patients who were in the process of leaving treatment for substance use dependencies. Categorical involvement in a set of 1 2-step activities and summary scores of involvement from the Alcoholics Anonymous Affiliation Scale were examined in relation to continuous abstinence and aftercare (Oxford House or usual care) condition† (Major, 2013). The people who were actively involved and participated in the 12-step activities were significantly more likely to maintain and continue drug-free lifestyles after 2 years, vers us those who were less involved. Through these two studies, it is suggested that involvement in the 1 2-step program and living in settings, such as the Oxford Houses, are two important factors that are related to continuous abstinence (from both alcohol and illicit drugs) among people with substance use dependencies. Most recently, a study was done on stimulant drug abusers to evaluate the effectiveness of an 8-week combined group, which included individual 1 2-step facilitative intervention and 12-step meeting attendance and service. The study consisted of a â€Å"MultiMate randomized controlled trial, with assessments at baseline, mid-treatment, end of treatment, and 3- and 6-month post- randomization follow-ups (Fiji)† (Donovan, 2014). It took place in several intensive outpatient substance treatment programs and it measured self- reports of substance use, 12-step attendance and activities, as well as a Urinalysis. The results were compared with treatment as usual (TAXI), sousing on the impact of incorporating the 1 2-step program into intensive outpatient drug treatment programs. Although it did associate with more days of use among those who were not achieving abstinence during this period, â€Å"STAGE-12 participants had lower Addiction Severity Index Drug Composite scores at and a significant reduction from baseline to the 3-month IF, attended 12-step meetings on a greater number of days during the early phase of active treatment, engaged in more other types of 12-step activities throughout the active treatment phase and the entire IF period, and had ore days of self-reported service at meetings from mid-treatment through the 6-month IF† (Donovan, 2014). More importantly, the study results indicate that individuals in a 12-step program had higher rates of meeting attendance and were involved in more related activities throughout the active treatment phase and the entire 6-month follow-up period. Being a recovering drug addict and alcoholic, myself, I absolutely recommend the 12-step program to anyone who is looking for help with their addictions. In 2012, was sentenced to do court-ordered drug counseling and it changed my life for the better. The 12-step program was originally signed for alcoholics, but throughout the years it has been known to help any type of drug addict. I was apprehensive about this at first, but I finally understood after my counselor explained that you just replace the word â€Å"alcohol† with your drug of choice. This is why you can now find individualized programs like Narcotics Anonymous, which cater to and revolve around the 12-steps. â€Å"Another benefit of mutual support group participation is that ‘helping helps the helper. Helping others by sharing experiences and providing support increases involvement in 12-Step groups, which in turn increases abstinence† (CAST, 2008). An agree, and have seen for myself, that helping truly does help the helper. Future research that has been recommended is â€Å"systematic encouragement and community access, which utilizes 12-step members as volunteers in a ‘buddy system’ that provides a bridge between formal treatment and community 12-step programs† (Donovan, 2013). Instead of just providing a list of meetings and encouraging attendance, which is the typical referral method, counselors should also introduce the individual to a current member of a 1 2-step program using an in-session telephone meeting in order to arrange attending meeting with him or her. Further studies on this idea will help to determine if there IS a significant difference in rates of attendance when being provided a guide between formal treatment and community 12-step programs, as opposed to just relying on will-power. These future studies could also help the effort to decrease the rates of recidivism in drug addicts by providing an extra step into the reintegration of inmates back into society. Overall, research over the past four decades has proven that active participation in any type of mutual support group, specifically the 12-step aerogram, has significantly increased the likelihood of maintaining a continuous, healthy, alcohol and drug-free lifestyle. In addition, â€Å"an important finding is that these abstinence rates increase with greater group participation† (CAST, 2008). How to cite Alcoholics Anonymous, Papers

Show how Luke’s presentation differs from Jewish expectations Essay Example Essay Example

Show how Luke’s presentation differs from Jewish expectations Essay Example Paper Show how Luke’s presentation differs from Jewish expectations Essay Introduction One of Luke’s main interests in Jesus was his preaching on the Kingdom of God. As Luke was arguably a gentile, he wanted to prove to all people that the Kingdom was present and that everyone is welcome to become a member. However what Luke wrote about the kingdom in some areas did contradict the Jews expectations. For example, Jewish understanding of the kingdom was that a divine rule would be the counterpart of the earthly kingship. This goes back to Old Testament when the prophet Samuel first anointed the first Jewish King Saul, as so was King David. The anointing of a king meant that they would represent God’s rule and would be regarded as God-sent.Jewish understanding of the kingdom increased significantly after Israel lost her independence in C6 BCE. Concepts of King and Messiah emerged during the inter-testamental era. The heavenly hosts of angels would defeat the devil and his armies and heaven would literally be created on earth. Essenes took particular interest in this belief as they searched for liberation and the coming of the kingdom of God. Another concept consists of no war. However gentiles would realise that there is no other saviour than Israel’s God, and would thus worship ‘God’ and acquiesce to the Jews.Jesus’ concept however of the Kingdom differed to that of the Jews as to them, the Kingdom of God would be much more earthly. As in Mark 1:15, ‘the Kingdom of God has arrived’. Jesus thus believed the kingdom to be a present reality in himself and his ministry ‘the kingdom of God is within you’ (Luke 17:21). However there have been three suggestions about the real meaning of eschatology. Futurist eschatology embrace Jesus’ teachings as a meaning that God’s kingdom will come in a tangible form at a time that is still in the future. This can be rectified as the ‘parousia’. According to Albert Schweitzer, who first popularised this idea meant however, th at Jesus held the same expectations as many Jewish apocalyptic writers of his day. He suggested that Jesus believed God would intervene immediately in the affairs of humanity and that his own life’s work would be the divisive climax that would come within Jesus’ lifetime.However C.H. Dodd contradicted Schweitzer’s theory on ‘futurist eschatology’and introduced his theory on ‘realised eschatology’. According to Dodd what Jesus was really saying was that the new society had arrived in his own person through his teachings thus Jesus’ teaching is ‘inaugural eschatology’. The coming of Jesus is thus the coming of God’s eternal reign.Miracles are much easier to understand if they are regarded as signs that God was creating a new society right there and then. To put these miracles into context, according to 1st century Jewish thinking, if one was ill, it was either due to their parents sins, or their own. However whe n Jesus healed the sick, for example the lame man, Jesus himself said, ‘friend your sins are forgiven.pick up your mat and walk’. This healing shows scholars today that to heal a person, was to forgive them, thus bring them back to God.Parables that appear to be concerned with the last days, such as the 10 bridesmaids or the rich fool, may not be a clear explanation of the final days however the challenge that all people when they are confronted with the message about Jesus and God’s new society. Dodd argues that the parable of the Great banquet does not in fact suggest that those who didn’t turn up to the banquet would not get a place in heaven however he states that those who didn’t turn up to the banquet, in fact turned up late and thus be given a second chance. This does seem to agree with his theory on realised eschatology, in that the kingdom is present and that everyone is given another opportunity.A third theory of eschatology is called â₠¬Ëœinaugurated eschatology’. This recognises that God’s new society did actually come in Jesus however the complete fulfilment was still seen in the future. This theory takes the best of both futurist and realised eschatology. This view recognises that God’s new society came in Jesus hence his teaching is ‘inaugurated’. This theory also recognises Schweitzer’s theory on futurist eschatology as it considers Jesus’ background as a first century Jew thus his teaching includes future events such as the downfall of the Temple, and the resurrection as part of the consummation of God’s society.What did Jesus mean about the Kingdom of God? The kingdom is defined as the ‘state or territory ruled by a king. In this case, as Luke suggests, God was going to set up a new state and rule it himself, however rather than being a material state, such as Israel, as it was in the Old Testament, it would be spiritual state for all mankind.When Jesus spoke about the Kingdom he mentioned in the Lords prayer ‘Father.Thy kingdom come’. Jesus uses the word Abba as if talking to an earthly father. This becomes much more personal and develops a much more loving relationship in comparison to that of the Old Testament, where all Jews feared a ‘jealous’ God. The word Abba indicates the uniqueness of the relationship between Jesus and his Father.Jesus saw the Kingdom of God as a New Israel, just as all first century Jews of his believed. Jesus taught that God’s rule requires realm in which to work. He speaks of men entering or being ‘cast out’ of the kingdom. Parables such as the mustard seed with its reference to birds nestling in its branches shows that Jesus has the gathering of a whole society in mind, or it could be described that if anyone has a small amount of faith, it will grow and influence others, just as the disciples preached and converted many to Christianity and those who died in Jesus’ name also influence others and strengthened their faith. Jesus also speaks of himself as a shepherd gathering his flock. In order to put his beliefs into practice however, Jesus had to ordain others to carry the Kerygma far and wide after his death and resurrection as prophesied in Luke 24:47-48, ‘.repentance and forgiveness of sins will be preached in his name to all nations.you are witnesses of these things.I am going to send you what God has promised’.Jesus called the twelve disciples, in parallel to the twelve tribes of Israel. This symbolic meaning could be translated into the fact that Jesus wanted his Holy word to be spread round the whole world beginning in Jerusalem, as mentioned in Luke 24:26. This would be beginning of the creation of the New Israel. The disciples were sent out to proclaim the Kingdom (Luke9:1-2) ‘He gave them power to drive out all demons and to cure diseases.sent them out to preach the kingdom of God’.In the Last Supper, Jesus himself shared the New Covenant; ‘I will not eat and drink from this cup until it finds fulfilment of in the kingdom of God.’ The significance of the Last Supper in context of the kingdom, is that in the Old Testament Moses made a covenant with God using bull’s blood, however it was not eternal as it had been broken several times by the Israelites, however Jesus died on the cross to bridge an ‘eternal’ relationship with God, for all people.In Luke’s gospel, the kingdom is centred in Christ, (Luke 18:29) ‘for the sake of the kingdom of God’. Mark writes, ‘the Kingdom of God came with power’. The gospel writers all assumed the same meaning between the kingdom of God and Christ. Jews believed that the ‘Christ’ would rather lead an earthly kingdom following the Torah laws, however they didn’t expect a heavenly spiritual Christ. What Jesus says, was originally taken from Daniel 7: ‘.Son of Man.and he was given dominion and a kingdom that all peoples and nations would serve him.the saints of the Most High shall receive the kingdom and possess the kingdom forever.’This means that God gives the kingdom to the Son of Man and the Saints of the Most High will also receive it. This could explain why in Luke’s gospel, Jesus promises the kingdom to those who believe in His name (Luke 9:24) ‘for whoever wants to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for me will save it.’ However in order to fulfil his destiny Jesus had to suffer, die and rise again on the third day, therefore fulfilling the scriptures and Isaiah’s suffering servant prayer.Jews believed that in order to inherit the Kingdom of heaven you had to be a Jew and follow the law, which God gave to them. However in Luke’s gospel, Jesus tells his disciples and followers, to ‘carry his cross and follow him’. In order to inherit the kingd om, just as Jesus suffered and died for our sins, to be a disciple, you must not carry material possessions but put others before yourself. Jewish teaching on an ‘eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth’ had now changed to forgiving others and ‘treat others as yourself’.The consummation of the kingdom however is still yet to come. Despite Jesus’ prophecies that he will die and rise on the third day, Jesus also prophesied of a ‘second coming’ as mentioned earlier, the ‘parousia’. Mark 13:26, ‘and they will see the Son of Man coming in clouds.before him will be gathered all the nations and he will separate them from one another as a shepherd separates the sheep from goats.’ Schweitzer believed that Jesus’ death was in vain and did not fulfil its purpose, however Dodd has argued that Jesus fulfilled Old Testament scriptures and is still yet to complete the coming of Judgement day. It has been argued that the fire of Rome was arguably the beginning of the end as all Christians were persecuted, (Luke21:12) ‘.but before all this they must first lay hands on you and persecute you’. The destruction of the Temple was also predicted, thus many people perceived the end of days were near. In Paul’s writings, he writes with a sense of urgency and says ‘do not marry, or sin for the end of days are near, be ready!’ However many Christians today believe that the end of days are still to come, which both Jews and Christians alike await.In conclusion, Jewish understanding of the Kingdom of God slightly differs to that of Jesus’ teachings. Jews expected an earthly king to come and liberate them from the occupation of the Romans, as Jesus entered Jerusalem, they expected him to ride on a horse with armament as a ‘fighting’ leader, on the contrary Jesus was humble and instead rode on a donkey. In Luke’s gospel as well as the other gospel writers , the Kingdom is portrayed as a spiritual kingdom for all people united as one. Jewish leaders of the day took this teaching as an insult to the Jewish nation as they had been waiting centuries to be set free and yet they didn’t get their earthly response. However one agreement between Christians and Jews alike, is that they still await the Judgement Day in earnest and the coming of Christ in order to consummate the kingdom. Show how Luke’s presentation differs from Jewish expectations Essay Thank you for reading this Sample!

Capitalization of Names of Academic Disciplines

Capitalization of Names of Academic Disciplines Capitalization of Names of Academic Disciplines Capitalization of Names of Academic Disciplines By Mark Nichol When do you capitalize a word or phrase that denotes an academic discipline? This post details the distinctions between these terms as proper nouns and as generic descriptions. If you’re writing a rà ©sumà © or a biographical blurb for yourself or someone else, or editing one, or you’re otherwise referring to an academic discipline, begin one or more words with uppercase or lowercase letters depending on whether the text pertains merely to the discipline itself or to an entity devoted to the discipline, such as a course, a department, or an institution. Note the following examples: â€Å"My course load includes classes in French and astronomy,† but â€Å"My favorite classes last semester were French III and Introduction to Astronomy.† â€Å"He obtained a degree in Asian studies,† but â€Å"He enrolled in the Department of Asian Studies† (or â€Å"the Asian Studies Department†). â€Å"It has always been her ambition to study architecture,† but â€Å"The building that houses the School of Architecture is a disgrace to the discipline.† When references to academic disciplines are listed, as on a business card or a rà ©sumà ©, or in institutional promotional text such as flyers or in lists, they are labels rather than prose, so capitalization is acceptable. On a related note, take care to distinguish between singular and plural terms. For example, social science is a specific academic discipline, the study of society. However, the social sciences are, collectively, the academic disciplines pertaining to humans, such as archaeology, economics, geography, and so on (including social science). (Likewise, observe the distinction between communications and â€Å"mass communication.†) Again, both terms are capitalized only as part of a proper name (for example, â€Å"the Department of Social Science,† â€Å"the Institute of Social Sciences†). In addition, because they constitute standing phrases, they are not hyphenated as a phrasal adjective. (For example, â€Å"The paper examines athletics from a social science perspective.†) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:60 Synonyms for â€Å"Walk†The Letter "Z" Will Be Removed from the English AlphabetArtist vs. Artisan

Definition and Examples of Asterismos in Rhetoric

Definition and Examples of Asterismos in Rhetoric Definition Asterismos is a  rhetorical term for an introductory word or phrase (such as behold) that has the primary function of calling attention to what follows. Asterismos is generally regarded as a type of pleonasm.   See Examples and Observations below. Also see: AsteriskEmphasisExclamation Interjection EtymologyFrom the Greek, marking with stars   Examples and Observations Gotham, take control of your city. Behold, the instrument of your liberation!(Tom Hardy as Bane in The Dark Knight Rises, 2012)Behold, Nagini, our work is done.(Ralph Fiennes as Lord Voldemort in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 2, 2011)Behold, I do not give lectures or a little charity,When I give I give myself.(Walt Whitman, Song of Myself)Hey, Ive read all about your accident. That much gamma exposure should have killed you.(Robert Downey, Jr. as Tony Stark in The Avengers, 2012)Hey, this is not First Class.(King Julien XIII in Madagascar 3: Europes Most Wanted, 2012)We should talk more tomorrow. Listen, I dont take chances anymore.(Andrew Lincoln as Rick Grimes, First Time Again. The Walking Dead, 2015)Now listen people, we are experiencing some kind of disaster.(Andre Braugher as Brent Norton in The Mist, 2007)And Jesus said to his disciples, Truly, I say to you, it will be hard for a rich man to enter the kingdom of heaven. Again I tell you, it is easier for a camel t o go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the kingdom of God.(Matthew 19:23-24, The Bible: Revised Standard Version) Well, looky here, boss, deys sumfn wrong, dey is. Is I me, or who is I? Is I heah, or whah is I? Now dats what I wants to know.(Jim in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain) The Emphatic FigureAsterismos [is the] addition of a logically unnecessary word at the beginning of a phrase, or a phrase at the beginning of a sentence, to emphasize what follows. Pascal states, All human evil comes from this, mans being unable to sit still in a room. The pronoun this interrupts the flow of thought and draws attention to what follows. Beaumarchais is using that as an asterismos in Drinking when we are not thirsty and making love at all seasons, Madam: That is all there is to distinguish us from other Animals. In the Bible the most frequent asterismos is behold: Behold, the Lord God said . . .. In contemporary sports interviews, hey is frequently used as an asterismos.(Arthur Quinn and Lyon Rathbun, Asterismos. Encyclopedia of Rhetoric and Composition: Communication from Ancient Times to the Information Age, ed. by Theresa Enos. Taylor Francis, 1996) Pronunciation: as-ter-IS-mos

ENTERPRISE AND ENTREPRENEURIAL MANAGEMENT MODULE Assignment - 1

ENTERPRISE AND ENTREPRENEURIAL MANAGEMENT MODULE - Assignment Example He kept on his quest for prospective customers who would buy space in his magazine and did this bit of marketing mainly through the pay phone installed in his school. One fails to stop marveling at the entrepreneurial streak that this young boy exhibited when most boys of his age were busy playing games. The success did not come anytime soon and after some backbreaking and focused effort finally on one fine day he received his first breakthrough in the form of a cheque of  £250 from an advertiser. The most notable part of this entire episode is that he did not waver in his faith even for a moment through the whole exercise and was never shy of putting in hard work for it. This personal attribute of staying focused in the face of severest odds is perhaps the single most important attribute that separates an entrepreneur form the rest of the crowd (Branson 2006). During the early 1980s and right through the 1990s media, both electronic and print, and several academicians researched on the special attributes that made entrepreneurs out of ordinary mortals. Such research outputs usually set out a list of must-have attributes and generally invited readers to do a self check to find out whether they have it in them what makes an entrepreneur. It had become quite fashionable to label certain characteristics as entrepreneurial attributes. One of them was surely an ability to take risks but hardly any such publication clearly mentioned just where when such an ability to accept risks crossed the limits of prudence and became downright foolhardiness. Another very much touted behavioral characteristic of future entrepreneurs was an extra desire to achieve something in life (McClelland 1999). The characteristic, as was evident from the words that described it, was extremely vague and had more hype in it than any real substance. One would hardly be

Suicide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Suicide - Essay Example A number of suicides are caused by depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and other types of mental illness (Caruso). Various bitter experiences of life result in depression (Caruso). These depressions when unaccompanied by effective treatment give way to suicide cases (Caruso). Many a times people revealing no signs of undergoing negative life experiences are found to commit suicide which may be due to genetic factors (Caruso). Merely one single factor does not generally prompt one to attempt suicide (Caruso). The convergence of various factors together lead to the taking of such a fatal decision (Caruso). Among the umpteenth number of causes leading to suicide, some can be the death of a loved one, a divorce, separation, or breakup of a relationship, losing custody of children, or feeling that a child custody decision is not fair, a serious loss, such as a loss of a job, house, or money, a serious illness, a terminal illness, a serious accident, chronic physical pain, intense emotional pain, loss of hope, being victimized (domestic violence, rape, assault, etc), physical abuse, verbal abuse, sexual abuse, unresolved abuse (of any kind) from the past, feeling â€Å"trapped† in a situation perceived as negative, feeling that things will never â€Å"get better†, feeling helpless, serious legal problems, such as criminal prosecution or incarceration, feeling â€Å"taken advantage of†, inability to deal with a perceived â€Å"humiliating† situation, inability to deal with a perceived â€Å"failure†, alcohol abuse, drug abuse, a feeling of not being accep ted by family, friends, or society, a horrible disappointment, feeling like one has not lived up to his or her high expectations or those of another, bullying (adults, as well as children, can be bullied), low sel-esteem (Caruso). The alarmingly rising numbers of adolescent-suicides have revealed the various causes of such incidents such as academic, social and

Firewall Effects on Network Performance | Evaluation

Firewall Effects on Network Performance | Evaluation In an age where our society relies so heavily on electronic communication, the need for information security is constantly increasing. Given the value and confidential nature of the information that exists on todays networks, CIOs are finding that an investment in security is extremely beneficial. Without security, a company can suffer from theft or alteration of data, legal ramifications, and other issues that all result in monetary losses. [The Best Damn Firewall Book Period] Corporations are realizing the need to create and enforce an information security policy. As a  result, IT professionals are constantly being challenged to secure their networks by installing firewalls that provide more secure [Cisco Security Specialists Guide to PIX Firewall]. Firewalls are essential components in improving network security. Most firewalls are deployed at the edge of the network to filter legitimate traffic, and can be deployed in the core of the network to further supplement and protect the capability of the network and the application running over the network to deliver required services to the end user. Firewalls have become increasingly complex, evolving from offering traditional firewall capabilities to protect networks, to offering application-aware processing of several Internet protocols. Brief literature review: Firewalls are the first front line defense mechanism against intruders ,a firewall system can operate at five of the seven layers of the OSI reference model. However, most firewall systems operate at only four layers: the data link, network, transport, and, possibly, application layers. Based on the simplicity or complexity of a firewall product or solution, the number of layers covered varies. For example, a standard IP access control list (ACL) on a Cisco router functions at OSI Layer 3, and an extended IP ACL functions at Layers 3 and 4. [cisco press cisco router firewall security] Firewalls work by inspecting different fields in headers of the packet, finding the matching rule and doing the action specified in the rule. Common firewalls (and rules) examine at least IP addresses, next protocol type (TCP or UDP) and in case of TCP or UDP their respective port numbers. That usually gives five different variables (source destination address, protocol, source destination port) to work with. [Optimizing firewall performance]. [Performance analysis of the Linux firewall in a host]. As example ,a firewall that operates at only Layers 3 or 4 can filter only on IP protocol information, IP addresses, and TCP or UDP port numbers; it cannot filter on application information such as user authentication or commands that a user enters. Therefore, the more layers a firewall can process information from, the more granular it can be in its filtering process. [cisco press cisco router firewall security] There are many considerations that organizations should include in their firewall selection and planning processes. Organizations need to determine which network areas need to be protected, and which types of firewall technologies will be most effective for the types of traffic that require protection. [ Guidelines on Firewalls and Firewall Policy]. In addition, Incorporating a firewall into a network structure is likely to increase processing and even create bottlenecks [Evaluation of Firewall Effects on Network Performance] ,whereas Each rule that a firewall has to analyze results in additional processing overhead. This means that the more rules a firewall has, the longer it will take for the firewall to determine whether or not the packet in question may pass through. [Firewalls Overview and Best Practices]. As result Firewalls are one key factor in network performance. If they cant process their rules fast enough then the whole network slows down. [ Optimizing firewall performance] Some studies shows that the firewall is sensitive to the number of rules, the type of filtering, and the transmission rate. The results of our first scenario demonstrate that for each type of filtering, latency increases linearly as the number of rules increase. [Performance analysis of the Linux firewall in a host] Scope and limitation of the study: There are some points may represent the scope and limitation of the study, including: This project focus on evaluating the effect of firewall performance using an OPNET Modeler network simulator and analyzing on different scenarios and to compare the performance impact when firewall applied. This project also focusing on effects of firewall filtering on network performance. In this study we are going to select special type of firewall application firewall The number of workstation is limited which wont exceed 200 nodes. The result will be collected is based on the simulation so may be this result will not be applicable in real hardware. Statement of the research problem: This research reports on the evaluation of using firewall in three different scenarios, which can show the impact of applying the application firewall on the performance of the network. Therefore, the research addresses the following research problem: How can we make trade-off between the security and performance? Essentially I argue that in order to investigate the feasibility of getting the trade-off of using the firewall, its necessary to compare the result when the firewall applied in different scenario, it might be depends on the policy or function nodes. Research questions: To address the research problem identified in the previous section, the following research questions have been designed: What are negative aspects of firewall? What are positive aspects of combined security and performance? What are the effects of firewall in the link utilization? What are the effects of firewall in the Real time application? Research objectives: The main objective of this research is to investigate the impact of firewall policy on the performance of the network. To identify negative aspects of firewall. To determine positive aspects of combined security and performance. To examine the effects of firewall in the link utilization. To identify the impact of firewall in real-time application. To compare the result from different scenario to estimate the effects of policy. Significance of the study: The growing Demand for using firewall by the internet users and companies to provide more protection for them and the influence of apply firewall policy in the network performance gave the impetus for this study. To verify that we propose here three different scenarios, CNTs as the one of the components of MMIC transmission lines to enhance the electrical performance. This material offer some remarkable characteristics for microelectronics applications and their large kinetic inductance (skin effect), long mean free paths, high current carrying capability and high thermal conductivity made them ideal candidates for RF/microwave applications as transmission lines. Research methodology: The research methodology work will go through four stages namely: theoretical stage, data analysis and design stage, lab stage, and evaluation stage. Theoretical stage: The objective of the theoretical stage is to constitute a theoretical frame to enable the success of the lab stage through that frame. Data analysis and design stage: In this stage, all related data obtained in the theoretical stage will be analyzed and then a selection process will be done in order to get the high quality CNT and the right design for CNT-based TLs to be able to accomplish the research questions through synthesis and characterization process. Lab stage: At this stage, firstly, the growth parameters will be optimized by using chemical vapor deposition growth method In order to produce large scale and well-aligned CNTs. Next, the characterization process will be done on the samples. SEM, FESEM, and HRTEM techniques will be used to study the morphology of the samples. XRD and EDEX techniques are used to study the samples crystallographic structures and composition elements in the samples respectively. For electrical characterization, I-V and resistivity measurements using four point probes will be applied for low frequency. Lastly, in the implementation process, the determined high quality CNT will be used to fabricate transmission lines, and then RF characterization will be done using VNA at different frequencies. Evaluation stage: The experimental results are analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of the new variables in order to get the best CNT for the TLs. Current Stage: For device applications, the orientation of the CNT is particularly important. Therefore currently, the growth parameters are optimized by using chemical vapor deposition growth method and then, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to study the morphology of the samples in order to get large scale and well-aligned CNTs. The fabrication of CNTs on P-type silicon substrates; size 1 cm by 1 cm were done using nickel (Ni) as catalyst. The first process is to remove any impurity and oxidization on the Si substrate surface. The substrate will go through stages of cleaning process, starting with acetone, methanol and then rinsed with deionized water to remove organic contaminants and particles. Then, the Si wafer was cleaned by hydrogen gas to remove natural oxide. Next, a thin Ni film was deposited on a substrate as catalyst using Electron-Beam evaporator and the substrate was placed on alumina boat before placed inside a double-heater TCVD. The first heater was set at 1000 °C to decompose methane, while the second was set at 800 to 1000 °C for pre-treatment of the catalytic film. As A. Awang Teh et. al. proposed [41] a precursor of ammonia and methanol solution at ratios of 5:8 was used to enhance the growth of CNT in methane ambient. The second heater was first switched in flowing Argon at 100 sccm. When the temperature of the second heater reached setting point and stayed stable, first heater was then switched on and methane gas was flown at flow rate of 10-50 sccm. The total growth time of the CNTs varied from 30 to 3 hours. Finally, methane gas was turned off and the furnaces were cooled down to room temperature in flowing Argon at 100 sccm to avoid carbon oxidation. After fabrication is completed, The CNT morphology was examined using SEM. Figures 1- 6 show the growth of CNTs on Si substrate using Ni with different thicknesses and subjected to methane ambient at 850 oC for 2 hours. One of the first things to note is that the catalyst thickness affects the diameter and density of the CNT. The catalyst film thicker, the larger diameter and more density CNT we can get. Also, it can be seen clearly this relationship from the SEM results shown in fig.11 to 14. Furthermore, from the SEM image shown in figure 4 the least nickel or carbon nanoparticles protrude from the nanotubes was observed. These conductive nanoparticles cause electrical shorts between interconnects for device fabrication. For this reason we can consider that the optimum nickel catalyst thickness in our case is 10 nm. A final point to note is that there is no CNT at all in figure 1. It means that the catalyst film thickness is very thin and after recombination the size of catalyst nanoparticles is too small to synthesis CNTs. Another key parameter to affect CNT growth is temperature gradient. As we can see from the SEM results shown in figures 7-20, by controlling the growth temperature we can increase the growth efficiency and purity. At reaction temperature 900 °C, the growth of clean CNTs was observed. However, no CNTs were formed when the growth temperature exceeded 900 °C. Instead, amorphous carbon was observed on the surface of the substrate. Besides catalyst and temperature gradient, carbon source flow rate also plays an important role in the CNT growth. It can be stand out from experimental results shown in figures 21 to 28 that a higher flow rate will increase the decomposition rate, and consequently the growth rate of CNT. However, when the flow rate of Ni was 10 sccm there is not enough reactant to react with the catalyst and just catalyst nanoparticles were observed. The gas flow rate affects not only CNT density but also nanotubes diameter. The higher gas flow rate, the larger diameter of nanotubes will grow. However, after a critical point, increasing the flow will change the carbon product from CNTs to carbon nano-fibers (CNFs), as it was observed from the result. The last growth parameter we have optimized is syntheses time. From experimental results shown in figures 29 to 32 we can find the relationship between the syntheses time and the length on nanotubes. Longer synthesis time with longer catalyst lifetime, longer CNT we can get. More optimization and characterizations must be done on the samples in order to get well-aligned and density MWCNT, before transmission line fabrication. Preview of the thesis: This thesis is organized into five chapters. Chapter One serves as an introduction to this study, providing the theoretical framework, research objectives and significance of the present study. It also offers a brief overview of the methodology that is employed. Definitions and delimitations that map out the boundaries for the present study are also outlined. Chapter Two provides the literature review for this study and serves to develop key issues related to the theoretical framework. The third chapter is on methodology. This study approaches the issues of fabrication, simulation and modulation. The fourth chapter reports the results of the content analysis and discusses the findings. The fifth chapter reviews the research questions and summarizes the thesis. This chapter also provides suggestions for future research. Network Security is one of the most important fields dealing with the Internet. The ability to access and transfer information in a few seconds allows the government, companies, educational institutions, and individuals to accelerate the decision process or simply be informed. However, information can be very valuable and there is a need for better and faster security systems to protect information and networks. Therefore, it is best to limit the number of rules to no more than 30-50. However, for best performance, less than 25 rules are recommended. Also, firewalls process their rule base from the top down. As soon as the firewall finds a rule that applies to a particular packet, the rule is applied and the packet is processed (either allowed to continue or dropped). It is recommended that the most important and most utilized rules should be at the top of the rule list. This prevents the firewall from having to process through a number of rarely used rules to finally get to rules that apply to the majority of the network traffic. Determining the correct order of rules for a particular implementation is an ongoing process. Initially, there is a significant amount of testing and trial-and-error involved in determining the correct order that the rules should be in. Also, the rule base should be reviewed periodically to see if the organizations requirements or network usage has changed that wou ld require the reordering of existing rules as well as adding or removing rules. Finally, one should make sure to keep the number of domain objects in the rule base to a minimum, and also make sure that these objects are kept towards the bottom of the rule base list. Firewalls Overview and Best Practices There are many aspects to firewall management. For example, choosing the type or types of firewalls to deploy and their positions within the network can significantly affect the security policies that the firewalls can enforce. Policy rules may need to be updated as the organizations requirements change, such as when new applications or hosts are implemented within the network. Firewall component performance also needs to be monitored to enable potential resource issues to be identified and addressed before components become overwhelmed. Logs and alerts should also be continuously monitored to identify threats-both successful and unsuccessful. Firewall rulesets and policies should be managed by a formal change management control process because of their potential to impact security and business operations, with ruleset reviews or tests performed periodically to ensure continued compliance with the organizations policies. Firewall software should be patched as vendors provide updates to address vulnerabilities. [ Guidelines on Firewalls and Firewall Policy] The firewall can become a bottleneck. All network traffic that passes between the Internet and the DMZ, the DMZ and the private network, and potentially, the Internet and the private network, must be inspected by the firewall. This can result in the firewall becoming a bottleneck and reducing the performance between the network and the Internet.

Morality and the crucible Essay

Morality is the distinction between right and wrong. It is the determination of what should be done and what should not be done; or what is right and what is wrong. Morals deal with behaviors as well as motives. All humans live by some set of morals especially religious people. In The Crucible by Arthur Miller, this is clearly evident. It is about the puritan town of Salem, Massachusetts and the hunt for witches. Many people are falsely accused of witchcraft. Throughout this account of history key characters have to make choices that challenge their beliefs and ethics. They must decide whether to do what is right, and fight against a lie, or do what’s wrong and give in to the lie to save their own lives. Elizabeth Proctor is one of those who fought for the truth, therefore she; in my opinion is the most moral character in the story. Elizabeth is the wife of John Proctor; reserved, honest, slow to complain, and dutiful. She and her husband share a similarly strict adherence to justice and moral principles. She has great confidence in her own morality and in the ability of a person to maintain a sense of righteousness even when this principle conflicts with strict Christian doctrine. She is well known throughout the village for being a very Christian woman, knowing all her commandments. Whenever her husband is confused or indecisive about something, she leads him onto the path of justice. For example, she urges him to stop the witch trials by revealing the truth about Abigail’s sinful, deceitful ways. When Her husband has to decide whether to be killed or confess to witchcraft, she doesn’t want him to give into a corrupt and unjust society. Although she doesn’t wish to lose her husband, she still doesn’t sidestep her morals and beliefs. Even at the end, when Proctor decides to die instead of signing a confession that would have been a lie, she doesn’t try to fight his decision but shows respect for his righteous choice when she says, â€Å"He have his goodness now. God forbid I take it from him! † This shows that not only her own, but her husbands morals as well, were important to her. Out of all the characters in the Crucible, Elizabeth proved to be the most moral. In a society where it’s either, accuse or be accused, she chose to stick to her morals even if it meant her demise. She made a decision that was righteous in her eyes. â€Å"Often in true tests of moral character where people are tempted to deceive, be dishonest, or take advantage of each other, there are few who truly succeed. † This statement proved true, especially during the witch hunt, but Elizabeth Proctor was able to come out as one who succeeded in standing her grounds and protecting her morality.

Federalism Is The Power Divided Between The State And...

In May 31 2014, two twelve year old girls stabbed a classmate to appease the fictional character Slender Man. The crime happened in Waukesha, Wisconsin and the case is being handled in the Wisconsin courts. With this, that means the crime is being handled at the state level. With this revelation, there has been many questions on how the girls’ case should be handled. This brings Federalism into question of how much federalism should being used in our country when it comes to crime. Federalism is the power divided between the state and national government. This means that laws can be made by the state for their specific state, even though there are national laws that all states have to follow. There are people who feel that there should be less federalism when it comes to crime as there is a lot of freedom when it comes to states making laws. Laws such as how old you need to be to be tried as an adult are decided by the state and some feel that it something as important as that law should be decided nationally, not by the state. Laws as important as when juveniles should be charged as adults are brought into question during cases like the Slender Man stabbing case. The Slender Man stabbing case is a crime that happened back in 2014 when two twelve year old girls tried to kill their classmate, Payton Leutner, by inviting her to a sleepover. Then, they led the victim into the woods and proceeded to stab her nineteen times. The girls named, Morgan Geyser and Anissa Weier,Show MoreRelatedEssay on Federalism1371 Words   |  6 PagesFederalism Federalism is a widely accepted system of government in North American cultures. To many North Americans it seems to be the obvious choice for all world governments, but this is not the case. In all honesty, federalism is a fairly unique form of government. 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